glycolate

Three steps

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC6A9 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, BAATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by GRHPR, HAO1, SLC25A1cytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by GRHPR, HAO1, SLC25A1cytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by GRHPR, HAO1, SLC25A1cytosol, peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. transport of malate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC25A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• dodecanamideReach from here →
  1. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  2. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by GRHPR, PAM

• 2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT2

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, SRRcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  2. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT2, GPTcytosol

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, ALAS1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, BAATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, BAATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  2. L-leucine + glyoxylate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate decarboxylation

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AADAT, ALOX12B, ALOXE3cytosol

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, BAATcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• decanamideReach from here →
  1. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  2. N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = decanamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = decanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by GRHPR, PAM

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, GCATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, LDHDcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, LDHB and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, RIDAcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, PKM and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, NPLcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, GATMcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-oneReach from here →
  1. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  2. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AADAT, ADI1

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, GLDC and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• taurineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, BAATcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, FAHD1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-malyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. (S)-malate + ATP + CoA = (S)-malyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SUCLG1, SUCLA2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, ALDH6A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBLcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, ACP2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBLcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, ACAA1, MYO5Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SUCLG1, SUCLG2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, CROTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBLcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes