a ganglioside GD3 (d18:1(4E))

Three steps

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 18 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, SCLYcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, NAGS, MARS1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. Sialidase, Plasma Membrane (Neu3)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU3, NPL, LDHA, LDHB and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, NAGS, AADATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)
  3. L-cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, NAGS, CTHcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. Sialidase, Plasma Membrane (Neu3)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by NEU3, NPL, KYAT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. Sialidase, Plasma Membrane (Neu3)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU3, NPL, FAHD1extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2 and 30 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glycine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 19 routes

• pantetheine 4'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)
  3. Dephospho-CoA nucleotidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ACP2, ENPP3, ENPP1cytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• psychosineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisome

• 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix

• a cholesterol esterReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. Sialidase, Plasma Membrane (Neu3)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by NEU3, NPL, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. Sialidase, Plasma Membrane (Neu3)
  2. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  3. UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LacCer pool)

  Catalysed by NEU3, NEU4, NEU1, NEU2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (lithocholate)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, BAATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →
  1. Sialidase, Plasma Membrane (Neu3)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by NEU3, NPL, AGXTextracellular space, cytosol

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 18 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 15 routes

• S-(4,8-dimethylnonanoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal
  3. 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(4,8-dimethylnonanoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, CRAT, CROT, NUDT19cytosol, peroxisome

• S-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)
  3. (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• S-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• S-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• N-octadecanoyl-heptadecasphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. heptadecasphing-4-enine + octadecanoyl-CoA = N-octadecanoyl-heptadecasphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol

• aceneuramateReach from here →
  1. Sialidase, Plasma Membrane (Neu3)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. aceneuramate = aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by NEU3, NPLextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5'-deoxyadenosineReach from here →
  1. Sialidase, Plasma Membrane (Neu3)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by NEU3, NPL, TYW1B, TYW1extracellular space, cytosol

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-Retinol 11-cis-trans-isomerase

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• linoleic acidReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 14 routes

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  3. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, BAAT, MTO1cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase (11-Cis)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 morecytosol

• S-methyl-5'-thioadenosineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosylmethioninamine:spermidine 3-aminopropyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, SAT1, SAT2, SRM and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 morecytosol

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, AARS1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:17769Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. spermidine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, SAT1, SAT2cytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• a triacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 6 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glycine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 19 routes

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + H2O = butanoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 9 morecytosol

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 10 routes

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 29 routes

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. Sialidase, Plasma Membrane (Neu3)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by NEU3, NPL, PKM, PKLRextracellular space, cytosol

• spermine monoaldehydeReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)
  3. primary-amine oxidase (spermine)

  Catalysed by SLC33A1, SAT1, SAT2, AOC2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 3 routes