an L-alpha-amino acid

Three steps

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, TPH1, TPH2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SCLYinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, NAGSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase
  3. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, SLC1A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, CARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, SLC7A8, FARSB, FARSAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, GARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, WARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC6A14inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 15 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, BAATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, CTHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• orotateReach from here →
  1. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  2. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  3. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by ACY1, PM20D1, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase
  3. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, SLC43A1, SLC7A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a carboxylic esterReach from here →
  1. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  2. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  3. a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACY1, PM20D1, CES2, CES1 and 3 more

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, IL4I1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• 2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxohexanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminohexanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• an acylcholineReach from here →
  1. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  2. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  3. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACY1, PM20D1, BCHE

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, ALAS1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, BAATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, BAATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• 3-hydroxyanthranilateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KMO, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 11 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, BAATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, GCATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 20 routes

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, GGT1, GGT5 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular space

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, GLDC and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• a thioesterReach from here →
  1. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  2. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  3. a thioester + H2O = a thiol + a carboxylate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACY1, PM20D1, PNKD

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  2. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ACY1, PM20D1, FAHD1

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, PIPOXinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, SHMT1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-oxoadipateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxoadipate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminoadipate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. L-2-aminoadipate + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-oxoadipate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, SLC7A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, SLC7A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL3 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, GOT2, GOT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, GATMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, GSSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane