N-formyl-L-kynurenine

Three steps

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A8, EPXextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYNU, SCLYcytosol

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, MARS1cytosol

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, ADI1One of 2 routes

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A8, CNDP2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, AGXT2One of 4 routes

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of glutamine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A5 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase

  Catalysed by AFMID, ESDcytosolOne of 4 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, DAOperoxisome

• N-acetyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A13 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC6A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamic 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A6 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• COReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. acireductone dioxygenase

  Catalysed by AFMID, ADI1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of proline and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, ABCA1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYNU, MOCOScytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, ALAS1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)
  3. dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by AFMID, ALDH9A1, PDPR, DMGDHcytosol

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYNU, AARS1cytosol

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC6A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of histidine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A6 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC43A1, BCAT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A6 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A8, GOT2, TATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• indole-3-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
  3. Tryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, DDC and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYNU, SLC1A4cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GARTcytosol

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A8, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. transport of glutamine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC7A5 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, GCLC

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GSS

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYNU, SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-methyltryptamineReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, DDC and 1 morecytosol

• Xaa-L-Pro dipeptideReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  3. Xaa-L-Pro dipeptide + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-proline

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A11, PEPDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYNU, AGXT2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)
  3. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion

  Catalysed by AFMID, ALDH9A1cytosol

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, SHMT1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, CARS2

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYAT and 2 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC6A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, SLC6A14 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATcytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, AGXT2

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADATcytosol

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYNU, SCLYcytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, NAGSmitochondrial matrix

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase
  3. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A8mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, SLC1A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes