glyoxylate

Three steps

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, GSTP1

• glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion
  3. glycoursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SULT2A1cytosol

• glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SULT2A1

• deoxycholateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by AADATcytosol

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, LPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC12A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. Folate Transport by Oats

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-mercaptolactic acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 3-Mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, MPST, LDHB and 3 morecytosol

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, BAAT, ACAA1, SCP2 and 1 moreperoxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 17alpha-hydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-glycoloylneuraminateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase (N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, NPLcytosol

• iron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = octanamide + glyoxylate
  2. N-octanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. Fe(3+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + Fe(2+)(out) + H(+)

  Catalysed by PAM, CYB561D2, CYB561, CYBRD1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a carboxylateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, FAHD1

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, FARSB, FARSAextracellular space, cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, WARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, IARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, QARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AADAT, NARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• cholateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 28 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• maleateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. maleate(in) + sulfate(out) = maleate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC6A9, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = tetradecamide + glyoxylate
  2. N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = tetradecamide + glyoxylate
  3. tetradecamide + H2O = tetradecanoate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by PAM, FAAH

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by AADAT, GLYATL3, GLYATL2, FAAH and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. hexanedioate + glutaryl-CoA = hexanedioyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A6, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (indol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (indol-3-yl)acetate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (indol-3-yl)acetate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S)-dihydroorotateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  2. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SDHB, SDHA, DHODH

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by AADAT, GSS, CP, PRDX6

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  2. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, GOT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (2R,3R)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. (2R,3R)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (2R,3R)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (S,S)-tartrateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. (S,S)-tartrate(in) + sulfate(out) = (S,S)-tartrate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (3R)-citramalateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. (3R)-citramalate(in) + sulfate(out) = (3R)-citramalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A14, SLC26A2, SLC25A30 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes