serotonin

Three steps

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by AANAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• a 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AANAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• CHEBI:36882Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA hydro-lyase (itaconyl-CoA-forming)

  Catalysed by AANAT, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-hydroxyisovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)
  3. Formation of 3-Hydroxy-Isovalerate

  Catalysed by AANAT, CPT1A, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. phytanate-CoA ligase
  3. peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase

  Catalysed by AANAT, ACOT2cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• sphingosine 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. ATP:sphingosine 1-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by AANAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:37946Reach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. aryl sulfotransferase (dopamine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT1A3, SULT1A4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by AANAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• cholesteryl (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AANAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GLO1, GLOD4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by AANAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosol

• (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  3. 1-O-(1,2-saturated-alkyl)-sn-glycerol + (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = a 1-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-sn-glycerol + (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin + H2O

  Catalysed by DDC, TPH1, TPH2, AGMO

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (adding GTP

  Catalysed by AANAT, ACLY, PCK1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 13-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-cis-retinol = 13-cis-retinol

  Catalysed by AANAT, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 morecytosol

• spermineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + spermidine = spermine + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H(+)

  Catalysed by AANAT, SAT1, SAT2, SMScytosolOne of 2 routes

• cholesteryl (9Z-octadecenoate)Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AANAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  3. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by AANAT, BAAT, GATMcytosolOne of 17 routes

• N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)

  Catalysed by AANAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• a 1,3-diacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,3-diacylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by AANAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• a 1,2-diacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by AANAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 6 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• Li(+)Reach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of Li+ (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A4, SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by AANAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (2-arachidonoylglycerol)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, FAAHextracellular space, cytosol

• an N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AANAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 7 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• N-tetracosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
  3. tetracosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-tetracosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AANAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 morecytosol

• N-hexacosanoylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + sphinganine = N-hexacosanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AANAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 morecytosol

• malonaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thromboxane A synthase (12(S)-HHT)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, TBXAS1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DIO1, DIO3extracellular space, cytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + CoA

  Catalysed by AANAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• succinyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)
  3. (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA

  Catalysed by AANAT, ALDH6A1, MMUTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (2E)-butenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA:electron-transfer flavoprotein 2,3-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AANAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 3-methyl-(2E)-glutaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)
  3. 3-Methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by AANAT, GLYAT, MCCC1, MCCC2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxohexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H(+) = 3-oxohexadecanoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by AANAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 morecytosol

• (2E)-glutaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine
  3. glutaryl-CoA + O2 = (2E)-glutaconyl-CoA + H2O2

  Catalysed by AANAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosol

• acryloyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (propanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AANAT, ACSS3, ACSS2, ACSS1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + ATP + CoA = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, SLC27A2 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• choloyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  3. cholate + ATP + CoA = choloyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC27A5extracellular space, cytosol

• hexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + NADPH + H(+) = hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by AANAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O

  Catalysed by AANAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• propanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + H(+) = propanoyl-CoA + CO2

  Catalysed by AANAT, ECHDC1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin E2 + NAD(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, HPGDextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, CBR3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 15-oxoprostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 15-dehydro-prostaglandin D2 reduction

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 15-oxo-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. (15S)-15-Hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate:NADP+ 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by AANAT, SLC7A10cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by AANAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + putrescine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + spermidine + H(+)

  Catalysed by AANAT, SAT1, SAT2, SRMcytosol

• (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX5 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• thromboxane A2Reach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thromboxane A2 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 4 routes