formic acid

Three steps

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (lithocholate)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A6, BAATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17202Reach from here →
  1. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)
  3. IMP 1,2-hydrolase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by MTHFD1, ATICcytosol

• CHEBI:17208Reach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 4-methylumbelliferoneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)
  3. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1, CES2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, HMGCL, HMGCLL1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinoate reduction
  3. all-trans-retinol + NADP(+) = all-trans-retinal + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, AKR1B15, AKR1B10 and 9 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• linoleic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• D-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of D-aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC12A2, SLC12A1, SLC1A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters
  3. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, CLTRN, SLC6A20, PRODH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• enol-oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, CPT2, CPT1Aextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 10 routes

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, ALAS1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• diiodineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. iodide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, TPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC26A6, STSextracellular space, cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• xanthineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Trimethylaminoacetate:L-homosysteine S-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A12, BHMT, BHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, HALextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosol

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, BCAT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, SLC3A2, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol

• 3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A6, SLC6A14, ABATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of butyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + H2O = butanoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-phenylpyruvate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-phenylalanine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)
  3. 4-fumarylacetoacetate fumarylhydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, FAHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• thiocyanateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (hydrogen-cyanide)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-hydroxyisourateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. urate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• dTTPReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. DTTP Nucleotidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Carnitine Transport by Atb0
  3. solute carrier (L-carnitine)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, SLC25A20extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• CHEBI:18132Reach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. ATP:choline phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC5A7, CHKA, CHKBextracellular space, cytosol

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GARTextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter
  3. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase
  3. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by MTHFD1, GART, PFAScytosolOne of 2 routes

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, GSSextracellular space, cytosol

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-methionine(in) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-methionine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• 2-(alpha-Hydroxypropyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (2-oxobutyrate)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A1 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. 5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate 5-hydrolase (decyclizing)
  3. (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + H2O = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H(+)

  Catalysed by MTHFD1, MTHFD2, MTHFD2Lcytosol

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. transport of butyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + butanoyl-CoA = 1-butanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by MTHFD1, ALDH1L1, ALDH1L2, SHMT1cytosolOne of 9 routes

• O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. transport of butyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC26A4, SLC6A14, CARS2extracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-lactoyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + H(+) = (S)-lactoyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosol