D-aspartate

Three steps

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by DDO, AGXT2

• 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  3. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, ACAA1, SCP2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• Mn(2+)Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)
  3. Mn(2+)(out) + Ca(2+)(in) = Mn(2+)(in) + Ca(2+)(out)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 7 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Zn(2+)Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)
  3. Zn(2+)(in) + Ca(2+)(out) = Zn(2+)(out) + Ca(2+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 7 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by DDO, GOT2, DARS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, AGXTcytosolOne of 2 routes

• (indol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. (indol-3-yl)acetate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (indol-3-yl)acetate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC25A35, SLC25A34 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by DDO, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, STS, SLC22A24 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• pentanoateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  3. pentanoate(out) + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) = pentanoate(in) + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, STS, SLC22A9inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2

  Catalysed by DDO, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by DDO, GOT2, CADmitochondrial matrix

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, AGXT2cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 8 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• a phenolReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. an aryl sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate + H(+)
  3. an aryl sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, ARSL, ARSF and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by DDO, AGXT2

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, SRRcytosol

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by DDO, CLYBLmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, LDHDcytosol

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, LDHB, LDHAL6Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A14, SLC25A30, SLC25A35, SLC25A34 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, RIDAcytosol

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1, NPLcytosol

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-methylserotoninReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. serotonin(out) + K(+)(in) + Na(+)(out) + H(+)(in) = serotonin(in) + K(+)(out) + Na(+)(in) + H(+)(out)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Li(+)Reach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)
  3. transport of Li+ (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 7 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate(out) + K(+)(in) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = D-aspartate(in) + K(+)(out) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  2. serotonin(out) + K(+)(in) + Na(+)(out) + H(+)(in) = serotonin(in) + K(+)(out) + Na(+)(in) + H(+)(out)
  3. 5-Hydroxytryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)(flavin-containing)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, BAATmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by DDO, FAHD1cytosol

• glycineReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 17 routes

• (S)-malyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (S)-malate + ATP + CoA = (S)-malyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by DDO, SUCLG1, SUCLA2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, ALDH6A1mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by DDO, CSmitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, ACP2mitochondrial matrix, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by DDO, CSmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, ACAA1, MYO5Bmitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. D-aspartate + O2 + H2O = oxaloacetate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by DDO, CS, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes