L-glutamine

Two steps

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 2 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by CROTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  2. phytanate-CoA ligase

  No catalyst recordedcytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 3 morecytosolOne of 15 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by KYAT1, SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, PIPOXextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SHMT1, SHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, ASLextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
  2. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by GFPT2, GFPT1, GNPNAT1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)
  2. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, ADSS2, ADSS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• beta-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
  2. alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by GFPT2, GFPT1, GNPDA1, GNPDA2cytosol

• D-ornithineReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC25A2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GLYATL3, GLYAT, GLYATL2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, GOT2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GATMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by KYAT1, SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TYRextracellular space, cytosol

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSSextracellular space, cytosol

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AASSextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYAT1, KYNUcytosolOne of 5 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by KYAT1, SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosol

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, OATextracellular space, cytosol

• N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)
  2. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, AGAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYAT1, KYNUcytosol

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, GCLC and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by KYAT1, AGXT2cytosolOne of 7 routes

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Phenylacetyl-CoA:L-glutamine alpha-N-phenylacetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2cytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 3 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by KYAT1, SLC1A4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• histamineReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, HDCextracellular space, cytosol

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)
  2. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, PAICSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of arginine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosol