2-oxobutanoate

1. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A, LDHAL6B and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

1. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and propanoate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A, LDHAL6B and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

1. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and butyrate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A, LDHAL6B and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXTcytosolOne of 2 routes

1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)

Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

Catalysed by AGXT2

1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + 2-oxobutanoate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + (2S)-2-aminobutanoate
2. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

Catalysed by AGXT2

1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

Catalysed by AGXT2, SRR

1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
2. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

Catalysed by AGXT2, AADAT

1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
2. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHDcytosol

1. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A, LDHAL6B and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
2. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

Catalysed by AGXT2, RIDA

1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

Catalysed by AGXT2, PKM, PKLRcytosol

1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

Catalysed by AGXT2, NPLcytosol

1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

Catalysed by AGXT2, FAHD1

1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine

Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1One of 17 routes

1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
2. propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

Catalysed by PCCA, PCCBcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
2. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (propanoyl-CoA)

Catalysed by ACADS, ACADSBcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
2. L-2-aminoadipate + glyoxylate = 2-oxoadipate + glycine

Catalysed by AGXT2, AADAT

1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

Catalysed by AGXT2, MPST

1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
2. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

Catalysed by AGXT2

1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

Catalysed by AGXT2, TYW1B, TYW1

1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
2. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 23 routes

1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + 2-oxobutanoate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + (2S)-2-aminobutanoate

Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2One of 7 routes

1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
2. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-threonine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-threonine(out) + Na(+)(in)

Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
2. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

Catalysed by AGXT2, CLYBL

1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
2. L-ornithine + glyoxylate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

Catalysed by AGXT2One of 2 routes

1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
2. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

Catalysed by AGXT2, HOGA1One of 2 routes

1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O

Catalysed by AGXT2, KYAT3, AADAT

1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
2. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

Catalysed by AGXT2, HOGA1One of 2 routes

1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
2. L-threonine + hydrogencarbonate + ATP = L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate + diphosphate + H2O

Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, YRDC

1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
2. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)

Catalysed by AGXT2, CLYBL

1. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)
2. L-Serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine)

Catalysed by CTH, CBScytosol

1. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (2-oxobutyrate)
2. lipoamide to thiamin-PP conversion

Catalysed by BCKDHA, BCKDHB, DBTmitochondrial matrix

1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
2. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)

Catalysed by AGXT2, PDHA1, PDHB, PDHA2mitochondrial matrix

1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
2. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine
3. (2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NAD(+) = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADH + H(+)

Catalysed by AGXT2, AADAT, MDH1

1. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
3. (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acetoacetate

Catalysed by and 5 more