thioredoxin dithiol

Three steps

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 3-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• 3'-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• thyronamineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. thyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• 3'-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• L-homocysteine thiolactoneReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + ATP = L-homocysteine thiolactone + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by BHMT2, MARS1cytosol

• L-homocysteinyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + ATP + H(+) = L-homocysteinyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by BHMT2, MARS1cytosol

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, GSTP1cytosol

• glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion
  3. glycoursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SULT2A1cytosol

• glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SULT2A1cytosol

• deoxycholateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  No catalyst recordedcytosol

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, SLC25A10, SDHB, SDHAcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, LPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• imidazole-4-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)
  3. amine oxidase copper containing (histamine)

  Catalysed by HDC, AOC2, AOC1, AOC3cytosolOne of 2 routes

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. Folate Transport by Oats

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, SUOX, SLC22A8, SLC22A7cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• selenomethionineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)
  3. Selenomethionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, CTHcytosol

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SCLY, CTHcytosolOne of 2 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acidReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial
  3. Phenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating,decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by GOT2, TAT, HPDcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-mercaptolactic acidReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 3-Mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GOT2, GOT1, LDHB, LDHC and 2 morecytosol

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, CTHcytosol, extracellular space

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, SUOX, SLC25A35, SLC25A34cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:29052Reach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. dATP:D-fructose 6-phosphotransferase
  3. sedoheptulose-7-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glyceronetransferase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 6 morecytosol

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, CLIC1, GSTO1 and 1 morecytosol

• Ca(2+)Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, SLC1A1 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• 3-methyl-1-hydroxybutylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. Antiport of thiamine-diphosphate and dATP
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, LACC1cytosol, extracellular space

• hypoioditeReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)
  3. iodide + H2O2 = hypoiodite + H2O

  Catalysed by TPO, MPO, LPOcytosol

• a thiolReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CTH, SUMF1cytosol

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by MOCOS, SCLYcytosol

• cholateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. cholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = cholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, ABCC4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• glycolateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  3. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DAO, GRHPRcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, SUOX, SLC25A14, SLC25A30cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 8 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• 3-acetamidopropanalReach from here →
  1. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  3. N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, PAOX, SMOXcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. oxalate(in) + sulfate(out) = oxalate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, SUOX, SLC25A14, SLC26A2 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  3. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 8 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• anthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  3. L-Kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by KYNUcytosol