epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine

Three steps

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by GGACT, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• iodideReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, TPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)

  Catalysed by GGACT, ACLYcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, ACY1cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, EPXcytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, SCLYcytosol, extracellular space

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, MARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, AADATcytosol, extracellular space

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, CNDP2cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, SDS, SDSLcytosol, extracellular space

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, DDCcytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glutamine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, KYAT1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GSScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, DAOcytosol, extracellular space, peroxisome

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC6A14, SLC26A6cytosol, extracellular space

• L-glutamic 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, OATcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• anilineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by GGACT, NAT2, NAT1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by GGACTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, TSTD1One of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, PRODH2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, MOCOScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, ALAS1, ALAS2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, IL4I1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by GGACT, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, AARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC6A14, SLC6A12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of histidine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, HALcytosol, extracellular space

• urateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, TPH1, TPH2cytosol, extracellular space

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, GSTO1 and 1 more

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of leucine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, BCAT2cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GOT2, TATcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, SLC1A4cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of chloride and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GARTcytosol, extracellular space

• arsenic triglutathioneReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, AS3MTOne of 3 routes

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, DDCcytosol, extracellular space

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glutamine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, PFAScytosol, extracellular space

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GSScytosol, extracellular space

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of lysine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-methionine(in) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-methionine(out)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, SLC7A8cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, MGST3

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, GPX1 and 1 more