3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine

Three steps

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by KYNU, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, GSTP1

• glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. glycine to glycoursodeoxycholate conversion
  3. glycoursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycoursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, SULT2A1cytosol

• glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, BAAT, SULT2A1

• deoxycholateReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADATcytosol

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + a quinone = (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC1A4, PRODH2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC6A14, LPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC6A14, SLC12A2, SLC12A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by KYNU, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SCLY, CTHcytosol

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, TPH1, TPH2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, GPX5 and 8 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, AGXT2

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Bmitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A9, SLC3A1, CTHextracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, NAGSmitochondrial matrix

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase
  3. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A8mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, CLIC1 and 2 more

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, SLC1A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, CARS1cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KMO, SLC7A8, FARSB, FARSAextracellular space, cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, DARS1cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, WARS1cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5, IARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, LACC1extracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5, NARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, SCLY

• cholateReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• glycolateReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  3. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, DAO, GRHPRperoxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, CTHcytosolOne of 3 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by KMO, AADAT, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 morecytosol

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, HAO1

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL3, GLYATL2 and 2 more

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, AGXTmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, CP and 1 more

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase
  3. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A6mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by KMO, SLC43A1, SLC7A7extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, SLC25A2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A7extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, SLC25A2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, CAD

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes