(6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

Three steps

• bromideReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 2-bromoacetaldehyde:glutathione S-(formylmethyl)transferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSS, MGST3 and 16 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, GFPT2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GARS1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSS, GSTT4 and 22 more

• CHEBI:16174Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. dUMP + (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate = 7,8-dihydrofolate + dTMP
  3. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, TYMS, DTYMKmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC6A9, SLC6A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• ureaReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine amidinohydrolase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A6, ARG1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAAT, DGAT1 and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC6A9, SLC6A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAAT, ACLYperoxisome, cytosol

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A6, NOS3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GATM, ACY1cytosol

• 2-phenylacetamideReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, EPXextracellular space, cytosol

• D-alanyl-D-alanineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of Alanylalanine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:16633Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Met-tRNA(Met)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, MARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, AADATextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, CNDP2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine ammonia-lyase (2-oxobutanoate-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• tryptamineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, KYAT1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• formaldehydeReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
  3. sarcosine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GNMT, PIPOX and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• creatineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GATM, GAMTcytosolOne of 2 routes

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of bilirubin and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  3. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, DAO, HAO1peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and taurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17208Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSScytosol

• homocysteineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Formation of Homocystine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSScytosol

• L-glutamic 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. L-Ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GATM, OATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• anilineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAAT, NAT2 and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAATperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSS, TSTD1One of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, BAAT, HADHA and 2 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
  3. dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GNMT, PDPR and 1 morecytosol

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• thymidineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. dUMP + (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate = 7,8-dihydrofolate + dTMP
  3. thymidylate 5'-phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, TYMS, ACP3 and 9 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC6A9, SLC6A14 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A6, HALextracellular space, cytosol

• urateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSS, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, TPH1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, GSS, GSTO1 and 1 more

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  2. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, SLC7A5, BCAT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes