(S)-lactic acid

Three steps

• (R)-glycerateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-glycerate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT, GRHPRmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• cyanamideReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Peroxidase
  3. urea = cyanamide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, MPO, CA1, CA2extracellular space, cytosol, nucleus

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, TYW1B, TYW1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (S)-lactate + L-phenylalanine = N-[(S)-lactoyl]-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, LDHA, LDHC and 2 moremitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of bilirubin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• glycolaldehydeReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. hydroxypyruvate carboxy-lyase (glycolaldehyde-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXTmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4-maleylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)
  3. 4-maleylacetoacetate = 4-fumarylacetoacetate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, NPLmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• nicotinamideReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  3. nicotinate + NADP(+) = NAADP(+) + nicotinamide

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, CD38extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• 4-methylumbelliferoneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)
  3. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• homocysteineReach from here →
  1. Transport of Prostaglandin A2, Lactate Antiport
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin A2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of Homocystine

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. itaconate + glutaryl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A8, SUGCTextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• dehydroascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8,12-trihydroxy... conversion

  Catalysed by SLC22A12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 18 routes

• 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7, SLC16A8 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinoate reduction
  3. all-trans-retinol + NADP(+) = all-trans-retinal + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 13 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, ME2, SLC25A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• hypoxanthineReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. hypoxanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, XDHextracellular space, cytosol

• enol-oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, ME2, SDHB and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, MOCOSmitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 24 routes

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, AARS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GSTO1, GSTO2extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of butyrate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + H2O = butanoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 14 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-phenylpyruvate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-phenylalanine

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, KYAT1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• fumaric acidReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate hydro-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, ME2, FHmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A6mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• thiocyanateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (hydrogen-cyanide)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, MPST, TSTmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC3A2 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 18 routes

• dTTPReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. DTTP Nucleotidohydrolase

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, PKM, PKLR and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC1A4mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• xanthosineReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. xanthosine:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, XDH, PNPextracellular space, cytosol

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• arsenic triglutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, AS3MTextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:18381Reach from here →
  1. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3, SLC16A7 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-methionine(in) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-methionine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, TYW1B, TYW1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-(alpha-Hydroxypropyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (2-oxobutyrate)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, BCKDHA and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A8, SLC22A24extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHB, LDHAL6B, SRR, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, MGST3extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A6, SLC22A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-sepiapterinReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-sepiapterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-sepiapterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A6, SLC22A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes