L-lysine

Three steps

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, CTHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase
  3. N2-Acetyl-L-ornithine amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, ACY1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, IDO1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 3-acetamidopropanalReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  3. N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, SLC3A2 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, SLC6A14 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• anthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-Kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC43A1, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, SLC6A14inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, PM20D1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2, CADinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, IL4I1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, NDUFAB1 and 6 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of isoleucine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, BCAT2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, ALAS1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of isoleucine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, BCAT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, GOT2 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, BAATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, BAATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate decarboxylation

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, BCAT2, ALOX12B, ALOXE3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, BAATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, GCATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, GGT1 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, GLDC and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• taurineReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC25A29, SLC7A6, SLC6A14 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, ALDH6A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, ACP2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by SLC7A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, ACAA1, MYO5Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Binner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, CROTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SLC7A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. Acetylation of Leucine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by SLC7A7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, PIPOXinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, SHMT1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• carnosineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  3. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, CARNS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, SLC7A6, SLC7A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, AGXT2, ADSS2, ADSS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC25A15, GATM, GLYATL3 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol