CHEBI:30249

Three steps

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SCLY, CTHcytosol

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, TPH1, TPH2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, AGXT2cytosol

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADATcytosol

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 17alpha-hydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A9, SLC3A1, CTHcytosol, extracellular space

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase
  3. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A8cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, SLC1A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, CARS1cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A8, FARSB, FARSAcytosol, extracellular space

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GARS1cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, DARS1cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, WARS1cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5, IARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and citrulline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, LACC1cytosol, extracellular space

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5, NARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, SCLYcytosol

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, BAATcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, CTHcytosolOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC26A4cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase
  3. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A6cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC43A1, SLC7A7cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and arginine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A7cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, CADcytosol

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, IL4I1cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5, BCAT2, BCAT1cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. 2-oxohexanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminohexanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, AGXT2cytosol

• a 2-oxocarboxylateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid + O2 + H2O = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A11, IL4I1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, ALAS1 and 1 morecytosol

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5, BCAT1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A5, GOT2, GOT1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, BAATcytosol

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, BAATcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• 3-hydroxyanthranilateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. L-kynurenine + NADPH + O2 + H(+) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H2O
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KMO, KYNUcytosol

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADATcytosolOne of 11 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, BAATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GCATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, CH25Hcytosol

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, HMGCL and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space