hydrogen sulfide

Three steps

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, KYNUcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A6, GATMcytosol, extracellular space

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A6, OATcytosol, extracellular space

• N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SOD1, SLC25A14, SLC25A30, AGAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, KYNUcytosol, extracellular space

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3',5'-cyclic AMPReach from here →
  1. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic AMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic AMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SOD1, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular space, peroxisome

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, BHMT2cytosol, extracellular space

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, BHMT2cytosol, extracellular space

• taurolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and sulfotaurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• histamineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A6, HDCcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of fumarate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SLC25A10, ADSLmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-thyroxineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of arginine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A6, IL4I1cytosol, extracellular space

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by CBS, CTH, CLYBLcytosol

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, SLC27A2, SLC27A5cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  2. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by SOD1, SGSH

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, MSRAcytosol, extracellular space

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, MSRB3, MSRB1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CBS, CTH, AGXT2cytosolOne of 3 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, SLC27A2, SLC27A5cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  3. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2 and 1 moreOne of 11 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SOD1, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC22A6 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of chloride and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC6A14, SLC6A12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 3-iodo-L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroid peroxidase (iodine)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC7A5, TPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• glycolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and sulfoglycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by CBS, MOCOS, ACAD10cytosol

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CBS, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation

  Catalysed by CBS, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• Fe(II)-heme aReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. Fe(II)-heme o + 2 A + H2O = Fe(II)-heme a + 2 AH2

  Catalysed by CBS, MOCOS, COX15cytosol

• (R)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase
  3. N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine + H(+) = (R)-4'-phosphopantetheine + CO2

  Catalysed by CBS, PPCS, PPCDCcytosol

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by CBS, CTH, HOGA1cytosol

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by CBS, NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  2. a quinol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c](out) = a quinone + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c](out) + 2 H(+)(out)
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + a quinone = (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by SQOR, CYC1, UQCRFS1, PRODH2outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene D4Reach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  3. leukotriene C4 + H2O = leukotriene D4 + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S and 3 more