2-oxopentanoate

Three steps

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AGXT2One of 2 routes

• selenomethionineReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + 2-oxobutanoate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + (2S)-2-aminobutanoate
  3. Selenomethionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CTHcytosol

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + 2-oxobutanoate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + (2S)-2-aminobutanoate
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CTHcytosol

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SLC22A24inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• glycolateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GRHPR

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2One of 6 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, HAO1

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CSmitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. hexanedioate + glutaryl-CoA = hexanedioyl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AGXTcytosolOne of 2 routes

• (indol-3-yl)acetateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (indol-3-yl)acetate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (indol-3-yl)acetate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GOT2mitochondrial matrix

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-lysine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-lysine(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by AGXT2

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SRR

• L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + 2-oxobutanoate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + (2S)-2-aminobutanoate
  3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, GPTcytosol

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AADAT

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SLC22A24, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHDcytosol

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHB, LDHAL6Bmitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, RIDA

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, PKM, PKLRcytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, NPLcytosol

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, FAHD1

• glycineReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2One of 16 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. glutarate + succinyl-CoA = glutaryl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• 2-oxoadipateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. L-2-aminoadipate + glyoxylate = 2-oxoadipate + glycine

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AADAT

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, MPST

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AGXT2

• 3',5'-cyclic GMPReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, TYW1B, TYW1

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SLC22A24, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + 2-oxobutanoate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + (2S)-2-aminobutanoate
  3. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SDS, SDSL

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2One of 19 routes

• dimethylamineReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  3. Nomega,Nomega'-dimethyl-L-arginine dimethylamidohydrolase

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2, DDAH1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-cyclic AMPReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3',5'-cyclic AMP(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3',5'-cyclic AMP(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-2-aminohexanoateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2One of 3 routes

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by AGXT2, CLYBL

• phosphoenolpyruvateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2

  Catalysed by AGXT2, PCK1, PCK2

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AGXT2One of 2 routes

• (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A8, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. estrone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = estrone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SLC22A24, SLC22A8 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. 2-oxopentanoate + L-kynurenine = L-2-aminopentanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. prostaglandin E2(out) + glutarate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes