CHEBI:17927

Three steps

• 1-octanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
  3. 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + octanoyl-CoA = 1-octanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CROT, MOGAT2, MOGAT1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 1-eicosanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol = 1-eicosanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 morecytosol

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, SHMT1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. butanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-butanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 3 morecytosol

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by NAGS, CARS2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-oxo-(9Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)
  3. very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA synthase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ELOVL7 and 6 morecytosol

• (2E,6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)
  3. (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H(+) = (2E,6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 7 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2E,7Z,10Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial
  3. (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoA + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H(+) = (2E,7Z,10Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]

  Catalysed by HADHA, ACADVL, HADHB, ACADL and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (2E,4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C16:4->C16:5), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (2E,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial
  3. (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoA + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H(+) = (2E,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]

  Catalysed by HADHA, ACADVL, HADHB, ACADL and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (2E,4Z,7Z)-decatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C10:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ECHS1, ACAA2, HADH, ACADMcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• docosanoateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. Docosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC6A14, LPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• octadecanoateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. Stearoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• octanoateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
  3. Octanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CROT, ACOT7cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC6A14, SLC12A2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• alpha-linolenic acidReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• decanoateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. Decanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acidReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hexacosan-1-olReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = hexacosan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 5 morecytosol

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by ZDHHC11B, NAA10, ESCO2, ESCO1 and 28 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• O-decanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-decanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 4 morecytosol

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SCLYcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. L-cystine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-cystine(in) + L-arginine(out)
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A9, CTHextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC1A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAGS, CARS1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, FARSB, FARSAextracellular space, cytosol

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1, GARS1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, WARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, IARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, QARS1extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. L-Arginine, NADPH:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Nitric-Oxide-Forming)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, NOS3, NOS1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-asparagine)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by NAGS, NARS1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate

  Catalysed by CHAT, PHOSPHO1cytosol, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B, BAATcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. choloyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B, ACOT8cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by NAGS, CTHcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 27 routes

• acetateReach from here →
  1. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  2. N8-acetylspermidine to spermidine conversion
  3. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate

  Catalysed by SAT1, SAT2, HDAC10cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + H2O = (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 8 morecytosol

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, IDO1, TDO2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC6A14, SLC26A4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by ACSS3, ACSS2, ACSS1, ACOT7cytosolOne of 3 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by ACLY, CScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Butyryl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A, ACSM3 and 3 morecytosol

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A6, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes