CHEBI:16174

Three steps

• D-glucoseReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase
  3. D-Glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 8 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, HMGCL, HMGCLL1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 13-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinal dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 58 routes

• N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 2-methyl-1-hydroxypropylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. Antiport of thiamine-diphosphate and dATP
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate)

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular space

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)
  2. thymidylate 5'-phosphohydrolase
  3. thymidine + phosphate = 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + thymine

  Catalysed by DTYMK, ACP3, NT5E, NT5C2 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• acetoacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AACScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-malyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + ATP + CoA = (S)-malyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, ME2, SUCLG1 and 1 morecytosol

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, ALDH6A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  2. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 10 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• propanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  2. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NAD(+) + CoA + H2O = propanoyl-CoA + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT2, ALDH6A1cytosol

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin E1(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E1(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, LDHA, LDHB and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, LDHA, LDHB and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin H2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin H2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, LDHA, LDHB and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin D2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin D2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, LDHA, LDHB and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →
  1. cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase (dADP)
  2. dCMP aminohydrolase
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by CMPK1, DCTD, TYMScytosolOne of 2 routes

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• XMPReach from here →
  1. dADP to dATP conversion
  2. dGMP + inosine = 2'-deoxyguanosine + IMP
  3. IMP + NAD(+) + H2O = XMP + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by NT5C2, IMPDH2, IMPDH1mitochondrial matrix

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphateReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:D-fructose 6-phosphotransferase
  3. sedoheptulose-7-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glyceronetransferase

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 6 morecytosol

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• beta-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:D-glucosamine 6-phosphotransferase
  3. alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 6 morecytosol

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminateReach from here →
  1. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, NPL, CMAScytosol, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 9 routes

• a ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphateReach from here →
  1. cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase (dADP)
  2. 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate phosphohydrolase
  3. 2'-deoxycytidine + a ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate = dCMP + a ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CMPK1, ACP3, NT5E, NT5C2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactoneReach from here →
  1. ATP:dADP phosphotransferase
  2. dATP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase
  3. D-glucose-6-phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by NME4, NME6, NME1, NME2 and 6 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. dATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. hydroxypyruvate aldose-ketose-isomerase

  Catalysed by PKM, PKLR, AGXT, HYIcytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. 2-Deoxyuridine 5-Diphosphate:Oxidized-Thioredoxin 2-Oxidoreductase
  2. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes