beta-carboline

Three steps

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of histidine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, HALcytosol, extracellular space

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of leucine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BCAT2cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport by Y+Lat-2 into Extracellular Space

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC3A2cytosol, extracellular space

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of phenylalanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GOT2, TATcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• indole-3-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
  3. Tryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)

  Catalysed by DDC, AOC1, MAOA, MAOBcytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC1A4cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GARTcytosol, extracellular space

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of phenylalanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, DDCcytosol, extracellular space

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glutamine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, PFAScytosol, extracellular space

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSScytosol, extracellular space

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-methionine(in) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-methionine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A8cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-methyltryptamineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by DDC, INMTcytosol

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SHMT1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CARS2cytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, LPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC12A2, SLC12A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GLYATcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular space

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SCLYcytosol, extracellular space

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, NAGScytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC1A1cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of phenylalanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, FARSB, FARSAcytosol, extracellular space

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, DARS1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of isoleucine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, IARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glutamine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, QARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of citrulline and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6, LACC1cytosol, extracellular space

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of asparagine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, NARS1cytosol, extracellular space

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BAATcytosol, extracellular space, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CTHcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
  3. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, AFMIDcytosolOne of 3 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of leucine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A7cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A7cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, CADcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, IL4I1cytosol, extracellular space

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)
  3. 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, DDCcytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of isoleucine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BCAT2, BCAT1cytosol, extracellular space

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 10 routes

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, ALAS1, ALAS2cytosol, extracellular space

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of isoleucine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BCAT1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes