L-histidine

Three steps

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC6A14, SLC26A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• anthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-Kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC6A14inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O
  3. L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, PM20D1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, SLC7A13, CADinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. carnosine + H2O = beta-alanine + L-histidine
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by CARNS1, CNDP1, AGXT2

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, IL4I1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• serotoninReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of isoleucine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, BCAT2, BCAT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, ALAS1, ALAS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of isoleucine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, BCAT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, GOT2, GOT1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, BAATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• taurocholateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, BAATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of glycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, GCATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine
  3. (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin = (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, PAH, PCBD1, PCBD2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• Li(+)Reach from here →
  1. 4-aminobutanoate + L-histidine + ATP = L-homocarnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. Transport of Homocarnosine
  3. transport of Li+ (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CARNS1, SLC8B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GGT1 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, GLDC, GCSHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• taurineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(out) + L-arginine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-histidine(in) + L-arginine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  2. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC6A14, SLC6A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin E1Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin I2Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin I2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin D2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, PIPOXinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, SHMT1, SHMT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• leukotriene A4Reach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of leukotriene A4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (R)-S-lactoylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GLO1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A8, SLC7A13, ADSS2, ADSS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, GLYATL3, GLYAT and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, GOT2, GOT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• S-formylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, ADH1C and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• succinate semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. 4-aminobutanoate + L-histidine + ATP = L-homocarnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = succinate semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by CARNS1, CNDP1, CNDP2, ABATcytosol

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)
  3. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, ODC1, SRMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-histidine + H(+) = histamine + CO2
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDC, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. transport of ornithine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, SLC7A6, TYRinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A2, GATM, GSSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol