(R)-lactic acid

Three steps

• prostaglandin F2alphaReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by LDHD, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin H2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin H2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by LDHD, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin D2Reach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin D2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin D2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by LDHD, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate

  Catalysed by LDHD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular space

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase

  Catalysed by LDHD, NPL, CMASmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, KYNUmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. hydroxypyruvate aldose-ketose-isomerase

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT, HYImitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 9 routes

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, KYNUmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHD, TYW1B, TYW1, BHMT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by LDHD, TYW1B, TYW1, BHMT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by LDHD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular space

• (2R)-2-phosphoglycerateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming)

  Catalysed by LDHD, PKM, PKLR, ENO1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion
  3. (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by LDHD, GPX1, GSTA1, GPX2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC1A4mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O

  Catalysed by LDHD, MPST, AADATmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(8)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate

  Catalysed by LDHD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular space

• (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-3-amino-isobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, ABATmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• phosphoenolpyruvateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. oxaloacetate + GTP = phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2

  Catalysed by LDHD, PC, PCK1, PCK2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by LDHD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular space

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by LDHD, TYW1B, TYW1, MSRAmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by LDHD, TYW1B, TYW1, MSRB3 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (2S)-2-phospholactateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (2S)-2-phospholactate + H2O = (S)-lactate + phosphate

  Catalysed by LDHD, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, SLC1A4mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. prostaglandin E2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by LDHD, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, GGTLC3, GGT1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• dTMPReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. DTDP Diphosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by LDHD, PKM, PKLR, ENTPD3 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, MOCOSmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 2-iminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. 2-iminobutanoate + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by LDHD, AGXT2, RIDAmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-aminoprop-2-enoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. D-serine = 2-aminoprop-2-enoate + H2O

  Catalysed by LDHD, SRRmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. thromboxane B2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = thromboxane B2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by LDHD, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 13-oxo-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion
  3. (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate = 13-oxo-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + H2O

  Catalysed by LDHD, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. 13(S)-HPODE to 13-oxy-radical-octadecadienoate conversion
  3. glutathione peroxidase (13(S)-HPODE)

  Catalysed by LDHD, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• thiamine(1+) diphosphateReach from here →
  1. (R)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase
  2. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
  3. 2-(alpha-hydroxyethyl)thiamine-diphosphate[m] + lipoamide[m] = S-acetyldihydrolipoamide[m] + thiamin-PP[m]

  Catalysed by LDHD, PDHA1, PDHB, PDHA2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol