serotonin

Three steps

• (R)-lactaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  3. (R)-Lactaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (glutathione-formylating)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GLO1, GLOD4 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AANAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 24 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AANAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 22 routes

• S-(4,8-dimethylnonanoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal
  3. 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(4,8-dimethylnonanoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by AANAT, CRAT, CROT, NUDT19cytosol, peroxisome

• S-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)
  3. (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by AANAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• S-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by AANAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• S-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + H2O = S-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by AANAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• itaconateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by AANAT, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• N-octadecanoyl-heptadecasphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. heptadecasphing-4-enine + octadecanoyl-CoA = N-octadecanoyl-heptadecasphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AANAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol

• dehydroascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DBHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 19 routes

• estroneReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, STSextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• propanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. propanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out) = propanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, SLC22A9extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• all-trans-retinolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-Retinol 11-cis-trans-isomerase

  Catalysed by AANAT, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• linoleic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by AANAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase
  3. Persulfide dioxygenase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SQOR, ETHE1extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by DDC, TPH1, TPH2, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AANAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by AANAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 14 routes

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)
  3. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AANAT, BAAT, MTO1cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Lecithin Retinol Acyltransferase (11-Cis)

  Catalysed by AANAT, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 morecytosol

• S-methyl-5'-thioadenosineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. S-adenosylmethioninamine:spermidine 3-aminopropyltransferase

  Catalysed by AANAT, SAT1, SAT2, SRM and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by AANAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AANAT, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 morecytosol

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H(+) = serotonin + CO2
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by DDC, TPH1, TPH2, IL4I1One of 2 routes

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. aryl sulfotransferase (PAPS)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT1A3, SULT1A4 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-thyroxine sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-thyroxine + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = L-thyroxine sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT1A3, SULT1A4 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thyroxine 5'-deiodinase (3,3-diiodo-L-thyronine)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, DIO1, DIO3 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. Trimethylaminoacetate:L-homosysteine S-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, BHMT, BHMT2extracellular space, cytosol

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AANAT, AARS1cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A4, SLC12A2, SLC12A1, SLC6A12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:17769Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. spermidine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AANAT, SAT1, SAT2cytosol

• urateReach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  3. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosol

• prostaglandin F1Reach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of prostaglandin E1 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin E1 + NADPH + H(+) = prostaglandin F1 + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, DHRS1extracellular space, cytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by AANAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 4 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• a triacylglycerolReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by AANAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 6 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glycine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AANAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 25 routes

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. butanoate(out) + estrone 3-sulfate(in) = butanoate(in) + estrone 3-sulfate(out)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, SLC22A9extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AANAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 13 routes

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AANAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 36 routes

• spermine monoaldehydeReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)
  3. primary-amine oxidase (spermine)

  Catalysed by AANAT, SAT1, SAT2, AOC2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-noradrenaline + O2 + H2O = (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, MAOA, MAOBextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by AANAT, SLC1A4cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. solute carrier (L-carnitine)

  Catalysed by AANAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:18132Reach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. ATP:choline phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by AANAT, CHAT, CHKA, CHKBcytosol, nucleus

• CHEBI:18183Reach from here →
  1. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase ((5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GGT1, GGT5 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by SLC6A4, SLC12A2, SLC12A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• dodecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  3. Lauroyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by AANAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by AANAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-aminopropanalReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)
  3. primary-amine oxidase (spermidine)

  Catalysed by AANAT, SAT1, SAT2, AOC2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• (2E,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA:aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA + O2 = (2E,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosahexaenoyl-CoA + H2O2

  Catalysed by AANAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol