glyoxylic acid

Three steps

• glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, BAAT, SULT2A1mitochondrial matrix

• deoxycholateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• docosanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. Docosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC6A9, SLC6A14 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• octadecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. Stearoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• octanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
  3. Octanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, CROT, ACOT7mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC6A9, SLC6A14 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• alpha-linolenic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by CLYBL, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  2. transport of oxalate and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Folate Transport by Oats

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC26A6, SLC22A8, SLC22A7peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• selenomethionineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. Selenomethionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, CTHmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• decanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. Decanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, CTHmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-hydroxytryptophanReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan, Tetrahydrobiopterin:Oxygen Oxidoreductase (5-Hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, TPH1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, GPX5 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hexacosan-1-olReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = hexacosan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-mercaptolactic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 3-Mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, MPST, LDHB and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2mitochondrial matrix

• O-decanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-decanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by CLYBL, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 17alpha-hydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  3. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC22A6, SLC22A8mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• N-glycoloylneuraminateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase (N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, NPLmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• a carboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, FAHD1mitochondrial matrix

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, CLIC1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• Phe-tRNA(Phe)Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Phenylalanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, FARSB and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• Trp-tRNA(Trp)Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tryptophan -tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, WARS1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• Ile-tRNA(Ile)Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Isoleucine:tRNA(Ile) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, IARS1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• Gln-tRNA(Gln)Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:tRNA(Gln) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, QARS1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• isocyanateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-citrulline + H(+) = isocyanate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A9, SLC3A1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• Asn-tRNA(Asn)Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Asparagine:tRNA(Asn) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, NARS1mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate

  Catalysed by CLYBL, CHAT, PHOSPHO1mitochondrial matrix, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• cholateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, SLCO1A2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• D-aspartateReach from here →
  1. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  2. transport of oxalate and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = D-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC26A6, SLC25A14, SLC25A30peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC3A2, SLC7A5 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 28 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + H2O = (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:30249Reach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC7A5, IDO1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• 3-acetamidopropanalReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion
  3. N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming)

  Catalysed by CLYBL, PAOX, SMOXmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• oxalateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. glyoxylate + O2 + H2O = oxalate + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, AADAT, HAO1mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• maleateReach from here →
  1. Glyoxylate:oxygen oxidoreductase
  2. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2
  3. maleate(in) + citrate(out) = maleate(out) + citrate(in)

  Catalysed by HAO1, SLC25A1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, SLC6A9, SLC6A14mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. Myristoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 10 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL3, GLYATL2 and 2 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• adipic acidReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine
  3. Thioesterification of adipoyl-CoA for Release into Cytosol

  Catalysed by CLYBL, ACOT8mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• (S)-dihydroorotateReach from here →
  1. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  2. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol

  Catalysed by CLYBL, SDHB, SDHA, DHODHmitochondrial matrix

• an alcoholReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, CP and 1 moremitochondrial matrix