thioredoxin dithiol

Two steps

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAATcytosol

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAATcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by AADATcytosolOne of 11 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by BAATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by GCATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• D-glucopyranose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. dATP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 5 morecytosol

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 56 routes

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2, GGT6 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by GLDC, GCSHcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by PIPOXcytosolOne of 2 routes

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2cytosol

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ASS1cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by GATMcytosol

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A8cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• dCMPReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase (dADP)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 2 morecytosolOne of 21 routes

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by GATMcytosol

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A8cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, GLYAT, GLYATL2cytosol

• dGMPReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. dADP to dATP conversion

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by GOT2, GOT1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by GATMcytosolOne of 4 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by TYRcytosol

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 8 routes

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by AASScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNUcytosolOne of 5 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  No catalyst recordedcytosol

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by GATMcytosol

• N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGAcytosol

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNUcytosol

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by GCLC, GCLMcytosolOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  No catalyst recordedcytosol, peroxisome

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by BHMT2cytosol

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)

  Catalysed by CADcytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by BHMT2cytosol

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AGXT2cytosolOne of 5 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC1A4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• histamineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)

  Catalysed by HDCcytosol

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by PAICScytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. mitothioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by IL4I1cytosol

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by CARS2cytosol

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2cytosol

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by PPATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by GFPT2, GFPT1cytosol

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by MSRAcytosol