(S)-malate

Three steps

• Ala-tRNA(Ala)Reach from here →
  1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ME2, ME3, AGXT2, AARS1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, SLC26A6, SLC6A12mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• 4-methylumbelliferyl acetateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ME2, ME3, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• urateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  2. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ME2, ME3, LDHB, LDHAL6B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, GSTO1, GSTO2mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ME2, ME3, AGXT2, SLC7A5mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• all-trans-retinalReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinoate reduction

  Catalysed by ME2, ME3, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion

  Catalysed by CSmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + butanoate(out) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + butanoate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, STS, SLC22A9mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• ubiquinolReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate hydro-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. succinate:quinone oxidoreductase
  3. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (ubiquinone)

  Catalysed by FH, SDHD, SDHB, SDHA and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ME2, ME3, AGXT2, SLC7A6mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)

  Catalysed by GOT2, SLC7A13mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 24 routes

• dTTPReach from here →
  1. Citrate Transport, Mitochondrial
  2. transport of citrate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by SLC25A1, PKM, PKLRmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by ME2, ME3, AGXT2, SLC1A4mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, SLC26A6mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, GARTcytosol

• arsenic triglutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, AS3MTmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, GSS

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-methionine(in) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-methionine(out)

  Catalysed by ME2, ME3, TYW1B, TYW1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-(alpha-Hydroxypropyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (2-oxobutyrate)

  Catalysed by ME2, ME3, AGXT2, BCKDHA and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by ME2, ME3, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)

  Catalysed by ME2, ME3, SRR, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, MGST3mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC22A6 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-sepiapterinReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. L-sepiapterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-sepiapterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC22A6 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Xaa-L-Pro dipeptideReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol
  2. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)
  3. Xaa-L-Pro dipeptide + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-proline

  Catalysed by SDHB, SDHA, PRODH, PRODH2 and 1 more

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, GPX1, GPX4mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, GPX1, GPX4mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, GPX1, GPX4mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, GPX1, GPX4mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, GPX4mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ME2, ME3, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, SHMT1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CS, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-lactoyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + H(+) = (S)-lactoyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by ME2, ME3, LDHA, LDHB and 5 moremitochondrial matrix

• (S)-lactoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + CoA = (S)-lactoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by ME2, ME3, LDHA, LDHB and 4 moremitochondrial matrix

• N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Citrate Transport, Mitochondrial
  2. transport of citrate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. N-acetylneuraminate synthase

  Catalysed by SLC25A1, NANSmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by CS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CS, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CS, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CS, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by CS, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, TSTD1, GSTP1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine Transport, Extracellular

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, SLC26A6, SLC6A5mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC25A10, SLC26A6, LPOmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GOT2, SLC1A7, SLC1A3, SLC1A2 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, GLYATcytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. transport of malate and OAA (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by CS, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• selenomethionineReach from here →
  1. (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. Selenomethionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by ME2, ME3, AGXT2, CTHmitochondrial matrix, cytosol