all-trans-retinal

1. retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase

Catalysed by ALDH1A2, ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3cytosolOne of 3 routes

1. all-trans-Retinal 11-cis-trans-isomerase

Catalysed by RBP1, RBP2cytosol

1. all-trans-retinol + NADP(+) = all-trans-retinal + NADPH + H(+)

Catalysed by AKR1B15, AKR1B10, DHRS3, AKR1B1 and 7 more

1. all-trans-retinal + NAD(+) + H2O = all-trans-retinoate + NADH + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by ALDH1A2, ALDH1A1, ALDH1B1, ALDH1A3 and 1 moreOne of 2 routes

1. 13-cis-retinal to retinal conversion

No catalyst recordedcytosolOne of 2 routes

1. retinol binding protein (retinal)

Catalysed by RBP1, RBP2endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

1. retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by ALDH1A2, ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3, SLC16A4 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

1. all-trans-retinol + NADP(+) = all-trans-retinal + NADPH + H(+)
2. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

Catalysed by AKR1B15, AKR1B10, DHRS3, AKR1B1 and 8 more

1. retinal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
2. transport of acetoacetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
3. (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acetoacetate

Catalysed by ALDH1A2, ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3, SLC16A4 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space

1. all-trans-Retinal 11-cis-trans-isomerase
2. 11-cis-retinol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase