beta-carboline

Three steps

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of tryptophan and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GOT2, GOT1, TATcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BAATcytosol, extracellular space

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BAATcytosol, extracellular space, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• N-formylanthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
  3. Formylkynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, KYNUcytosol

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADATcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BAATcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GCATcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
  3. (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin = (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin + H2O

  Catalysed by TPH1, TPH2, PCBD1, PCBD2cytosol

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GLDC, GCSHcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• taurineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter
  3. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3

  Catalysed by SLC6A14, SLC6A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, PIPOXcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SHMT1, SHMT2cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, ASLcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GATMcytosol, extracellular space

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of phenylalanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A8cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, ADSS2, ADSS1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GATMcytosol, extracellular space

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of phenylalanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A8cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes

• D-ornithineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an N-acylglycineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GLYATL3, GLYAT, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GOT2, GOT1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GATMcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of tryptophan and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, TYRcytosol, extracellular space

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSScytosol, extracellular space

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 8 routes

• L-saccharopineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of lysine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N6-(L-1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, AASScytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
  3. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)

  Catalysed by IDO1, TDO2, IDO2, AFMIDcytosolOne of 8 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular space

• taurocyamineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, GATMcytosol, extracellular space

• L-glutamate 5-semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of ornithine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, OATcytosol, extracellular space

• N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, AGAcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNUcytosol, extracellular space

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GCLC, GCLMcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 6-amino-2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of lysine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-lysine:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular space, peroxisome

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BHMT2cytosol, extracellular space

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glutamine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. HCO3-:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CADcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, BHMT2cytosol, extracellular space

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tyrosine + glyoxylate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADATcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SLC1A4cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• histamineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of histidine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, HDCcytosol, extracellular space

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A13, PAICScytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
  3. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O

  Catalysed by IL4I1, AADATcytosol

• 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of arginine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine + O2 + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A6, IL4I1cytosol, extracellular space

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of cysteine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CARS2cytosol, extracellular space

• 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamineReach from here →
  1. beta-carboline hydrolysis
  2. transport of glutamine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (glutamine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, PPATcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes