3-methylmalate

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

187 compounds within 3 steps: 2 in 1, 32 in 2, 153 in 3

Three steps

CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes
L-glutamineReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes
dTDPReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT, AGXT2, PKM and 1 morecytosol
N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, GARTcytosol
ophthalmateReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, GSS
2-(alpha-Hydroxypropyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (2-oxobutyrate)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT2, BCKDHA, BCKDHBmitochondrial matrix
N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, AGXT2One of 3 routes
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, SHMT1cytosolOne of 2 routes
CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix
a quinolReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol
Catalysed by CLYBL, SDHB, SDHA
phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, GLYATcytosolOne of 3 routes
selenomethionineReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
3. Selenomethionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT2, CTHcytosol
CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT2, CTHcytosol
(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + L-phenylalanine = 3-phenylpyruvate + glycine
3. Phenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating,decarboxylating)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, HPDcytosol
2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT2
CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. LTD4 hydrolysis
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADATcytosol
a dicarboxylateReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
3. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
Catalysed by CLYBL, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes
L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = octanamide + glyoxylate
3. N-octanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
Catalysed by CLYBL, PAMOne of 6 routes
3-methyl-1-hydroxybutylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. L-leucine + glyoxylate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, BCKDHA, BCKDHBmitochondrial matrix
Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, GARS1cytosol
chlorine(.)Reach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, SLC6A9, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes
glycocholateReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, BAATperoxisomeOne of 3 routes
acetateReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes
formic acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
3. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes
propionic acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes
citric acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
3. Citrate Transport, Mitochondrial
Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes
butyric acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes
3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT, AGXT2cytosolOne of 2 routes
isocitric acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2
Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes
glutarateReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
3. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
Catalysed by CLYBL, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes
cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
3. Mitochondrial Carrier (Mc) Tcdb:2.A.29.7.2
Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC25A1mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes
3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT, AGXT2
thiosulfateReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+)
3. transport of malate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
Catalysed by CLYBL, SLC25A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes
dodecanamideReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate
3. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate
Catalysed by CLYBL, PAM
2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT2
D-serineReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
3. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT, AGXT2, SRR
L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT2, GPTcytosol
5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, ALAS1, ALAS2
glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, BAAT
glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, BAATperoxisomeOne of 3 routes
3-hydroxyisovaleric acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. L-leucine + glyoxylate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate decarboxylation
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, ALOX12B, ALOXE3cytosol
glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, BAATcytosolOne of 2 routes
decanamideReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = decanamide + glyoxylate
3. N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = decanamide + glyoxylate
Catalysed by CLYBL, PAM
L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, GCATmitochondrial matrix
(R)-lactic acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT, AGXT2, LDHDcytosol
(S)-lactic acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
3. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT, AGXT2, LDHB and 1 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes
2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT, AGXT2, RIDA
phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT, AGXT2, PKM and 1 morecytosol
N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glyoxylate + L-alanine = glycine + pyruvate
3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
Catalysed by CLYBL, AGXT, AGXT2, NPLcytosol
L-ornithineReach from here →
1. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)
2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
3. L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
Catalysed by CLYBL, AADAT, GATMcytosolOne of 7 routes