N-acetylputrescine

Three steps

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2, HADHA and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• urateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  3. transport of arginine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• all-trans-retinalReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinoate reduction

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7extracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SRM, SAT1, SAT2cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  3. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SLC7A5 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• 4-fumarylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  3. transport of arginine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N-(4-aminobutyl)-3-aminopropanalReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  3. primary-amine oxidase (spermidine)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SRM, AOC2, AOC1 and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2, HADHA and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2, HADHA and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2, HADHA and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2, ECHS1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2, ECHS1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2, ACSM4 and 5 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• 17alpha,21-dihydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  3. cytochrome P450

  Catalysed by HDAC10, CYP17A1, CYP21A2endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• 11-deoxycortisolReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, CYP17A1, CYP21A2endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by HDAC10, ASAH1, PLA2G15One of 3 routes

• 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, CYP17A1endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2, ACAA1 and 2 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-acetamidopropanalReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 + H2O = 3-acetamidopropanal + putrescine + H2O2
  3. N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 + H2O = 3-acetamidopropanal + putrescine + H2O2

  Catalysed by HDAC10, PAOX

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter
  3. L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC3A2, SLC7A7, SLC7A9 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. L-ornithine + H(+) = putrescine + CO2
  3. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, ODC1, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. L-ornithine + H(+) = putrescine + CO2
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, ODC1, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• a phenolReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)
  3. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, PON1, PON2, PON3

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 13-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinal dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• spermineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase
  3. S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine + spermidine = spermine + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H(+)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SRM, SMScytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• taurineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2, BAATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• a 3-acylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• acetoacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2, GLYAT and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 16 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2, ALDH6A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate
  2. acetyl-CoA:putrescine N-acetyltransferase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by HDAC10, SAT1, SAT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix