L-threonine

Three steps

• aceneuramateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. aceneuramate = aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, AGXT2, NPL

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAATperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5'-deoxyadenosineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, AGXT2, TYW1B and 1 moreOne of 5 routes

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, TSTD1One of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17380Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-proline:(acceptor) oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, PRODH2extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• agmatineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• indole-3-pyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 + H2O = indole-3-pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, IL4I1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine sulfate + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, DIO1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine sulfate + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, DIO1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, HADHA, ACADVL and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
  3. dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GNMT, PDPR, DMGDHcytosol

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC6A12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 4-methylumbelliferyl acetateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. Acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH1A3 and 4 morecytosol

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A6, HALextracellular space, cytosol

• urateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, SLC22A13inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2extracellular space, cytosol

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, GSTO1, GSTO2

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, BCAT2extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAATperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. beta-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, ABATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, GOT2, TATextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, AGXT2, PKM and 1 morecytosol

• CHEBI:18183Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase ((5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid)

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC6A9, SLC6A14extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GARTcytosol

• arsenic triglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, AS3MTOne of 3 routes

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, DDCextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:18405Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SCLY, PNPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AGXT2, GCLC

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-methionine(in) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-methionine(out)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC7A5, SLC7A8extracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• D-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  2. D-serine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = D-serine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  3. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC1A5, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, MGST3

• Xaa-L-Pro dipeptideReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. Xaa-L-Pro dipeptide + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-proline

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC1A4, PEPDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine
  3. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SHMT2, MTHFD1, MTHFD1L

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, GPX1, GPX4

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, GPX1, GPX4

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, GPX1, GPX4

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, GPX1, GPX4

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SHMT1, GSS, GPX4

• glycodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. glycodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SULT2A1cytosol

• 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AADAT, AGXT2One of 4 routes

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, AADAT, AGXT2One of 4 routes

• (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by SHMT1cytosolOne of 7 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SHMT1, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  2. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes