S-formylglutathione

Three steps

• glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. glycochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. glycochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, ABCC4, SULT2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• deoxycholateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (cholate)
  3. cytochrome P450 (cholate)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, CYP7A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• dimethylarsinous acidReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 2 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O = dimethylarsinous acid + 2 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, AS3MT

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine Transport, Extracellular

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC6A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, LPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC12A2, SLC12A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. fatty acylamide amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by ESD, FAAHcytosol, extracellular space

• trimethylarsineReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, AS3MT

• imidazole-4-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. amine oxidase copper containing (histamine)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, AOC2 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. monoamine oxidase (dopamine)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, AOC2 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 17alpha-hydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum

• CHEBI:28918Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, PNMTcytosol, extracellular space

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by ESD, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin E2(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin E2(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC22A6cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• iron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
  3. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)

  Catalysed by ESD, CYBRD1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. serotonin(out) + K(+)(in) + Na(+)(out) + H(+)(in) = serotonin(in) + K(+)(out) + Na(+)(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC6A4cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ESD, CARS1cytosol

• a thiolReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, TSTD1, SUMF1

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (S)-dihydroorotateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol

  Catalysed by ESD, SQOR, DHODH

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (glycocholate)
  3. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC22A24cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 10 routes

• nicotinateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC22A13, SLC22A12inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• a carboxylic esterReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, CP, PRDX6, CES2 and 4 more

• methylarsonateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 8 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. Acireductone Dixoygenase 1

  Catalysed by ESD, ADI1cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by ESD, NDUFAB1, FDXR, FXN and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• fatty acidReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by ESDcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• a hydroperoxideReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. a hydroperoxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = an alcohol + [thioredoxin]-disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ESD, CP, PRDX6, PRDX5 and 4 more

• chenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)

  Catalysed by ESD, PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:37946Reach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. aryl sulfotransferase (dopamine)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SULT1A3 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, HMGCL and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 13-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinal dehydrogenase (13-cis-retinal)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, ALDH1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• N-methylserotoninReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, INMTcytosol, extracellular space

• 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, ADI1

• Cu(+)Reach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  3. Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)

  Catalysed by ESD, CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Hydroxytryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)(flavin-containing)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, MAOA and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3

  Catalysed by ESD, SLC26A4, SLC6A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (2-arachidonoylglycerol)

  Catalysed by ESD, FAAHcytosol, extracellular space

• 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamideReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  3. 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone + H(+) = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside + a quinol

  Catalysed by ESD, SQOR, NQO2

• malonaldehydeReach from here →
  1. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin H2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. thromboxane A synthase (12(S)-HHT)

  Catalysed by ESD, SLCO2A1, TBXAS1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes