N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP

Three steps

• glycineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. transport of asparagine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, ASNScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 57 routes

• (S)-malyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. (S)-malate hydro-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  3. (S)-malate + ATP + CoA = (S)-malyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by ADSL, TNRC6B, FH, SUCLG1 and 1 morecytosol

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, ALDH6A1mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8Lmitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, ACP2mitochondrial matrix, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8Lmitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, ACAA1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, SLC27A2 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, ACSM4 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, SLC27A2 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, CPT1A and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, SLC27A2 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, SUCLG1 and 2 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, SLC27A2 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, SLC27A2 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, CROTmitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8Lmitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, SLC27A2 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• carnosineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. L-aspartate 1-carboxy-lyase (beta-alanine-forming)
  3. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, GAD2, CARNS1cytosol

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, SLC7A13, SLC7A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. L-aspartate 1-carboxy-lyase (beta-alanine-forming)
  3. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, GAD2, GATMcytosol

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)
  3. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, SLC7A13, SLC7A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• dihydroxyacetone phosphateReach from here →
  1. N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. a quinone + succinate = fumarate + a quinol
  3. a quinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + a quinol

  Catalysed by ADSL, TNRC6B, SDHB, GPD2cytosol

• alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. IMP + H2O = inosine + phosphate
  3. inosine + phosphate = alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + hypoxanthine

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NT5E, NT5C2 and 4 more

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, ASAH1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• D-threonineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, AGXT2, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, SAT1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• hypotaurineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. transport of 3-sulfinoalanine and aspartate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H(+) = hypotaurine + CO2

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, SLC25A12, SLC25A13 and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• N-sulfo-D-glucosamineReach from here →
  1. N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. transport of fumarate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate

  Catalysed by ADSL, TNRC6B, SLC25A10, SGSHcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. transport of fumarate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ADSL, TNRC6B, SLC25A10, STScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• L-dopaquinoneReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. L-tyrosine + O2 = L-dopaquinone + H2O

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, SLC7A13, TYRinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glutathioneReach from here →
  1. N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. transport of fumarate and sulfite (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ADSL, TNRC6B, SLC25A10, TSTD1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamine(in)
  3. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, SLC7A13, SLC1A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 8 routes

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. L-leucine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-leucine(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. Transport of L-Kynurenine

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, SLC7A13, SLC43A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• dimethylamineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. Nomega,Nomega'-dimethyl-L-arginine dimethylamidohydrolase

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, AGXT2, DDAH1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, AGXT2, KYNU

• L,L-cystathionineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cystathionine)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, NAGSmitochondrial matrix

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, SLC7A13, BHMT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• carbamoyl phosphateReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, CADcytosolOne of 4 routes

• adenosine 5'-phosphosulfateReach from here →
  1. N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. transport of fumarate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase

  Catalysed by ADSL, TNRC6B, SLC25A10, PAPSS1 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, SLC7A13, BHMT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. transport of fumarate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ADSL, TNRC6B, SLC25A10, TSTD1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, ASAH1 and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, AGXT2, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-2-aminopentanoateReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, AGXT2

• L-2-aminohexanoateReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, AGXT2

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming)
  2. 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase
  3. 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase

  Catalysed by ADSL, TNRC6BcytosolOne of 2 routes

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. acetyl-CoA:L-aspartate N-acetyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, NAT8L, HADHA and 2 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• N-formyl-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. IMP + L-aspartate + GTP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + phosphate + 2 H(+)
  2. L-tryptophan(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tryptophan(in) + L-aspartate(out)
  3. L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine

  Catalysed by ADSS2, ADSS1, SLC7A13, IDO1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane