D-alanine

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by DAO, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by DAO, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by DAO, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

Catalysed by DAO, AGXTcytosolOne of 2 routes

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

Catalysed by DAO, AGXT2

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

Catalysed by SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

Catalysed by DAO, SRROne of 7 routes

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

Catalysed by DAO, LDHDcytosol

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

Catalysed by DAO, LDHB, LDHAL6Bmitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

Catalysed by DAO, RIDA

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

Catalysed by DAO, PKM, PKLRcytosol

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

Catalysed by DAO, NPLcytosol

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. transport of alanine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

Catalysed by DAO, FAHD1

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase

Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

Catalysed by DAO, MPST

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

Catalysed by DAO, AGXT2

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. D-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

Catalysed by SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

Catalysed by DAO, TYW1B, TYW1One of 8 routes

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

Catalysed by SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

Catalysed by SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, KYNUinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

Catalysed by DAO, CLYBL

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

Catalysed by DAO, AGXT2

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

Catalysed by SLC7A10, GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

Catalysed by DAO, HOGA1

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

Catalysed by SLC7A10, MOCOSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

Catalysed by DAO, HOGA1

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

Catalysed by SLC7A10, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)

Catalysed by DAO, PDHA1, PDHB, PDHA2mitochondrial matrix

1. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
2. transport of alanine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
3. beta-carboline hydrolysis

Catalysed by SLC7A10, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

1. D-alanine + O2 + H2O = pyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+)
2. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
3. (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acetoacetate

Catalysed by DAO