hexadecanoyl-CoA

Three steps

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, GLYATL2

• cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine
  3. (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS6, TLCD3B, CERS5, CERS2 and 2 more

• (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 6 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + L-serine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + ethanolamine
  3. ethanolamine ammonia-lyase (acetaldehyde-forming)

  Catalysed by LPGAT1, PTDSS2cytosol

• CHEBI:15345Reach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• acetylcholineReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  2. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + choline + H(+)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by PRDX6, LPCAT3, LPCAT1, PLD2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15380Reach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. 5-aminolevulinate synthase (2-amino-3-oxoadipate)

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:15477Reach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Production of Tiglylcarnitine

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 11 morecytosolOne of 12 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 6 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 6 morecytosolOne of 15 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 3 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  3. Active Transport

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1Bperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 45 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-leucineReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (7S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 11-cis-retinyl hexadecanoate + CoA
  2. 11-peroxy-docosahexaenoate to DHA conversion
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + O2 = (7S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by AWAT2, ALOX5cytosol

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, GNMTcytosol

• (11S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 11-cis-retinyl hexadecanoate + CoA
  2. 11-peroxy-docosahexaenoate to DHA conversion
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + O2 = (11S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by AWAT2, ALOX15cytosol

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 35 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• all-trans-3-hydroxyretinolReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + CoA
  2. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  3. all-trans-retinol + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] + O2 + 2 H(+) = all-trans-3-hydroxyretinol + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin] + H2O

  Catalysed by DGAT1, PNPLA4, AWAT2, MOGAT3 and 4 more

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• betaine aldehydeReach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  2. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + choline + H(+)
  3. choline dehydrogenase (choline)

  Catalysed by PRDX6, LPCAT3, LPCAT1, PLD2 and 2 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 4 morecytosol

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA
  2. 1-acylglycerol-3P-LD-TG1 pool (liver tissue) formation
  3. aldo-keto reductase (1-acylglycerol-3P pool)

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT4, GPAM, AKR1A1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• beta-D-glucoseReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine
  3. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + beta-D-glucose

  Catalysed by CERS6, TLCD3B, CERS5, CERS2 and 2 more

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15978Reach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  2. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + 2 hexadecanoate + 2 H(+)
  3. sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine glycerophosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by PRDX6, LPCAT3, LPCAT1, PLB1 and 1 morecytosol

• phosphatidylethanolamineReach from here →
  1. sphinganine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-hexadecanoylsphinganine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = N-hexadecanoyl-sphinganine-1-phosphocholine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
  3. CDPethanolamine:1,2-diacylglycerol ethanolaminephosphotransferase

  Catalysed by CERS6, CERS5, CERS2, SGMS1 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 11-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + CoA
  2. all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  3. 11-cis-retinol:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DGAT1, PNPLA4, AWAT2, MOGAT3 and 9 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)Reach from here →
  1. sphinganine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-hexadecanoylsphinganine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = N-hexadecanoyl-sphinganine-1-phosphocholine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
  3. diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (1,2-diacylglycerol-LD-PC pool)

  Catalysed by CERS6, CERS5, CERS2, SGMS1 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• phosphatidic acidReach from here →
  1. sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA
  2. 1-acylglycerol-3P-LD-TG1 pool (liver tissue) formation
  3. acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by GPAT3, GPAT4, GPAM, AGPAT2 and 8 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 17 routes

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:16436Reach from here →
  1. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  2. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + a sphingomyelin
  3. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)

  Catalysed by PRDX6, LPCAT3, LPCAT1, SGMS2endoplasmic reticulum

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O
  2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. ATP citrate lyase (citrate)

  Catalysed by SCD, SCD5, ACOT7, BAAT and 4 morecytosol

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by GLYATL3cytosol

• pregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine
  3. 6 reduced [adrenodoxin] + cholesterol + 3 O2 + 6 H(+) = 4-methylpentanal + pregnenolone + 6 oxidized [adrenodoxin] + 4 H2O

  Catalysed by CERS6, TLCD3B, CERS5, CERS2 and 2 moreOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16856Reach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, GSScytosol

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• psychosineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. H2O[c] + N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine[c] = palmitate[c] + sphingosine[c]
  3. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase

  Catalysed by CERS6, TLCD3B, CERS5, CERS2 and 1 morenucleus, cytosol

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, DAOperoxisome

• octadecanalReach from here →
  1. 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  2. 1-octadecanoyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + octadecanoate + H(+)
  3. octadecanal + NAD(+) + H2O = octadecanoate + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by LPCAT3, LPCAT1, PLAAT3, ALDH3A2

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes