glycine

Three steps

• 13-cis-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. 13-cis-retinol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 13-cis-retinyl hexadecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, DGAT1

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 9-cis-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. 9-cis-retinol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 9-cis-retinyl hexadecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, AWAT2

• an aryl sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an aryl sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC6A9, SLC6A14, SLC26A6, ARSL and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-sulfinopyruvateReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase
  3. 3-sulfino-L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, CDO1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-dGTPReach from here →
  1. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-dGTP + H2O = dGTP + glycolate + H(+)

  Catalysed by DAO, GRHPR, PARK7peroxisome, cytosol

• N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-GMPReach from here →
  1. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. N(2)-(1-hydroxy-2-oxoethyl)-GMP + H2O = glycolate + GMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by DAO, GRHPR, PARK7peroxisome, cytosol

• an organic moleculeReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. an organic molecule + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = an alcohol + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by GSS, CP, PRDX6, CYP2D7 and 24 more

• N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoylglycineReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by AADAT, PAMOne of 2 routes

• octanamideReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = octanamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = octanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AADAT, PAM

• (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamideReach from here →
  1. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  2. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by AADAT, PAM

• 2',3'-cGAMPReach from here →
  1. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  2. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)
  3. 2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, ATIC, SLC19A1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• an S-substituted L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)
  3. an S-substituted glutathione + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by GSS, GSTT4, GSTA4, GSTZ1 and 25 more

• a 2-acyl-6-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositolReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. a 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 2-acyl-6-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-1-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + CoA

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, PIGW

• indoxyl sulfateReach from here →
  1. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation
  2. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. indoxyl sulfate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = indoxyl sulfate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an N-hexadecanoyl-sphingoid baseReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. a sphingoid base + hexadecanoyl-CoA = an N-hexadecanoyl-sphingoid base + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, CERS6, CERS5

• an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid baseReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. a sphingoid base + octadecanoyl-CoA = an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid base + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactoneReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate
  3. D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GFPT2, GFPT1, H6PDextracellular space, cytosol

• (5S)-hydroperoxy-(12S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(12S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX1, GPX4, ALOX5

• 8-hydroperoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. arachidonate to 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate conversion

  Catalysed by GSScytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• kinetensin-(1-8)Reach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Chymase
  3. kinetensin + H2O = kinetensin-(1-8) + L-leucine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CMA1, ACE2extracellular space, cytosol

• N-hexadecanoyl-sphinga-4E,14Z-dienineReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. sphinga-4E,14Z-dienine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoyl-sphinga-4E,14Z-dienine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, CERS6, CERS5

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-serineReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-serine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-serine

  Catalysed by GSS, FAAH, PM20D1cytosol, extracellular space

• 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA = 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)
  3. (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• (15S)-15-hydroperoxy-prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin G2 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin G2 = (15S)-15-hydroperoxy-prostaglandin E2

  Catalysed by GSS, SLCO2A1, PTGEScytosol, extracellular space

• acetylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. acetylpyruvate + H2O = acetate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by DAO, AGXT, AGXT2, FAHD1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →
  1. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DAO, AGXT, AGXT2, SLC16A4 and 5 moreperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  2. histamine N-methyltransferase (SAM)
  3. 5-methyl-THF to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion

  Catalysed by SHMT1, HNMTcytosol

• CHEBI:15467Reach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by BAAT, AACS, HMGCS1peroxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 12(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GSS, ALOX12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 15(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GSS, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• 5(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Arachidonate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GSS, ALOX5cytosol, extracellular space

• a 1-hexadecanoyl-2-acylglycerolReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. a 2-acylglycerol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = a 1-hexadecanoyl-2-acylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, LPGAT1

• an hexadecanoyl-acylglycerolReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. a 1-acylglycerol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = an hexadecanoyl-acylglycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, LPGAT1

• 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by GLYATL3, MBOAT1

• betaine aldehydeReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. choline dehydrogenase (choline)

  Catalysed by BAAT, CHAT, CHDHperoxisome, nucleus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• formateReach from here →
  1. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
  2. sarcosine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)
  3. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by GNMT, PIPOX, SARDH, ALDH9A1cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• hexadecanoic acidReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Utilized Transport

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 4 routes

• 4-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYAT1, KYAT3, AADATextracellular space, cytosol

• malonateReach from here →
  1. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. malonate(out) + (S)-malate(in) = malonate(in) + (S)-malate(out)

  Catalysed by DAO, CLYBL, SLC25A10peroxisome, mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• 3-hydroxyanthranilic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Transport of 3-Hydroxy-L-Kynurenine
  3. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, KYNUextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, AGXT2 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• keto-D-fructose 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)
  3. D-glucosamine-6-phosphate aminohydrolase (ketol isomerizing)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GFPT2, GFPT1, GNPDA1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-lactateReach from here →
  1. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  3. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione + H2O = (R)-lactate + glutathione + H(+)

  Catalysed by GSS, GLO1, GLOD4, HAGHcytosol

• methanethiolReach from here →
  1. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
  2. sarcosine:oxygen oxidoreductase (demethylating)
  3. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)

  Catalysed by GNMT, PIPOX, SARDH, SELENBP1cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• phosphatidylethanolamineReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 6 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• 11-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-cis-retinol:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by BAAT, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 9 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)Reach from here →
  1. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus, cytosol