Skip to content

Reference

Evidence

CompoundsSubstances with curated findings
OutcomesMeasured endpoints
ProteinsTransporters and enzymes
InteractionsPairs that share biology
PapersEvery paper a finding cites
ArticlesReadings of the evidence

Chemistry

ReactionsRhea and Human-GEM, by subsystem
ReachWhat a compound can become

Reference layer

PathwaysReactions grouped under one name
ProcessesWhat proteins are annotated as doing
AnatomyTissues, by what is expressed there
Cell typesCells, by what is expressed there
OrganismsSpecies a compound is prepared from
MaterialsSubstances that are not one molecule
AssessmentsRegulatory determinations, transcribed
DiseasesFeatures, genes, and where each sits

Atlas Graph Twin Access

Search the graph

Reference

Evidence

Compounds
Outcomes
Proteins
Interactions
Papers
Articles

Chemistry

Reactions
Reach

Reference layer

Pathways
Processes
Anatomy
Cell types
Organisms
Materials
Assessments
Diseases

Atlas Graph Twin Access

Loading the page.

Catalyst

Computational infrastructure for human biology, built on a provenance-aware knowledge graph. Findings retain their sources; research and simulation are the next layers.

The graph

Compounds
Outcomes
Proteins
Atlas
Interactions
Papers
Articles
Graph
Search

Reference layer

Pathways
Processes
Anatomy
Cell types
Organisms
Materials
Assessments
Diseases
Reactions
Reach

How it works

Mission
Method
Twin
How to read the evidence
Sources and licences

Build on it

Access
In your assistant
For agents
Query the graph
Bulk export

A reference for what the literature reports. Not medical advice.

© 2026 CatalystPrivacy TermsReference data under the licences listed on the attribution page.

2',3'-cGAMP

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

22 compounds within 3 steps: 2 in 1, 8 in 2, 12 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

One step

5'-pGpA(2'-5')Reach from here →
1. 2',3'-cGAMP + H2O = 5'-pGpA(2'-5') + H(+)
Catalysed by SMPDL3A
5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
1. 2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
Catalysed by SLC19A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

Two steps

CHEBI:18381Reach from here →
1. 2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
2. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)
Catalysed by SLC19A1, ATICinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol
(6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
1. 2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
2. 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) + (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(out) = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out) + (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(in)
Catalysed by SLC19A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

Three steps

(6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
Catalysed by SLC19A1, ATIC, SHMT1, SHMT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes
10-formyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
1. 2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

Catalysed by SLC19A1, ATICinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

7,8-dihydrofolateReach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
10-formyldihydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + 7,8-dihydrofolate

Catalysed by SLC19A1, ATICinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

(6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
(6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

Catalysed by SLC19A1, ATICinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

(2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase

Catalysed by SLC19A1, ADSLinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
(6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

Catalysed by SLC19A1, ATICinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

3',3'-cGAMPReach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
3',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 3',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)

Catalysed by SLC19A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

Catalysed by SLC19A1, ATICinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 4 routes

5-methyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)
histamine N-methyltransferase (SAM)

Catalysed by SLC19A1, ATIC, HNMTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

CHEBI:17202Reach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)
IMP 1,2-hydrolase (decyclizing)

Catalysed by SLC19A1, ATICinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

fumaric acidReach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase
1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-imidazole AMP-lyase

Catalysed by SLC19A1, ADSLinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

(6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
(6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate
(6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate

Catalysed by SLC19A1, ATIC, MTHFD1, MTHFD1Linner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

(6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

Catalysed by SLC19A1, ATIC, SHMT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 5 routes

folic acidReach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
10-formyldihydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + 7,8-dihydrofolate
dihydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

Catalysed by SLC19A1, ATIC, DHFR, DHFR2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

glycineReach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

Catalysed by SLC19A1, ATIC, SHMT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 4 routes

5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)
5-Formiminotetrahydrofolate:L-glutamate N-formiminotransferase

Catalysed by SLC19A1, ATIC, FTCDinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

L-methionineReach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) + (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(out) = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out) + (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(in)
(6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-homocysteine = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-methionine

Catalysed by SLC19A1, MTRinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

IMPReach from here →

2',3'-cGAMP(out) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(in) = 2',3'-cGAMP(in) + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(out)
(6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate
IMP + H2O = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

Catalysed by SLC19A1, ATICinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane