taurine

Two steps

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by BAAT, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by BAAT, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by BAAT, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by BAAT, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• tauroursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. taurine to tauroursodeoxycholate conversion
  2. tauroursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = tauroursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SULT2A1cytosol

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine Transport, Extracellular

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC6A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, LPOextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC12A2, SLC12A1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. dihydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by MTO1, DHFR, DHFR2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• elaidic acidReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (elaidate)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5BperoxisomeOne of 7 routes

• hydrogenselenideReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)

  Catalysed by MTO1, SCLY

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC6A6, SLC26A4extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SLC6A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC22A24, SLC22A8peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-lysineReach from here →
  1. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine
  2. L-ornithine(out) + L-lysine(in) = L-ornithine(in) + L-lysine(out)

  Catalysed by GATM, SLC25A2, SLC25A15inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-lysineReach from here →
  1. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine
  2. D-lysine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-lysine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by GATM, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine
  2. L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming)

  Catalysed by GATM, ODC1cytosolOne of 3 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine
  2. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by GATM, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MTO1, CH25H

• all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinolReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by MTO1, RETSAT

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by MTO1, DIO1, DIO2

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by MTO1, DIO1, DIO3

• glycineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by BAAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2, GLYATL1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 17 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ALDH6A1peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAATperoxisome, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACP2peroxisome, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by BAATperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACAA1, MYO5BperoxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, SUCLA2peroxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, CROTperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by BAATperoxisome, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 4 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 15 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS1, PTGS2One of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MTO1, TBXAS1, PTGS2, PTGIS

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H(+)

  Catalysed by MTO1, DHFR, DHFR2

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine
  2. L-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = L-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by GATM, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-ornithineReach from here →
  1. taurine + L-arginine = taurocyamine + L-ornithine
  2. D-ornithine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-ornithine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by GATM, SLC25A2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3
  2. Transport of Guanidinoacetic Acid

  Catalysed by SLC6A6extracellular space, cytosol

• sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 1 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• spermidineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermidine)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SAT1, SAT2peroxisome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)

  Catalysed by BAAT, NAGSperoxisome, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes