4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid

Three steps

• putrescineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of arginine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Putrescine Export via Putrescine/Arginine Antiporter

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A6, SLC3A2, SLC7A7cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• D-arginineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-arginine(in) + L-ornithine(out) = D-arginine(out) + L-ornithine(in)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A13, CADcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of cysteine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, NDUFAB1, FDXR and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of isoleucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, BCAT2, BCAT1cytosol, extracellular space

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 10 routes

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, ALAS1, ALAS2cytosol, extracellular space

• 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of isoleucine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, BCAT1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of methionine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GOT2, GOT1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, BAATcytosol, extracellular space

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, BAATcytosol, extracellular space, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• glyoxylateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, AADATcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, BAATcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GCATcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• 25-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, CH25Hcytosol

• 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-oneReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by TAT, AADAT, ADI1cytosol

• gamma-Glu-AlaReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GGT1, GGT5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoamideReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase ([protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GLDC, GCSHcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• taurineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, BAATcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinolReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, RETSATcytosol

• 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, DIO1, DIO2cytosol

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, DIO1, DIO3cytosol

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, ALDH6A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, ACP2cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, ACAA1, MYO5Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 12 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, SUCLG1, SUCLG2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 13 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, CROTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes

• phytanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. phytanate-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• octadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 15 routes

• prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, PTGS1, PTGS2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, TBXAS1, PTGS2 and 1 morecytosol

• D-alanineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• sarcosineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, PIPOXcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, SHMT1, SHMT2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of arginine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A6, ASLcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of arginine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A6, GATMcytosol, extracellular space

• L-dopaReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of methionine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-dopa(out) + L-phenylalanine(in) = L-dopa(in) + L-phenylalanine(out)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, SLC7A8cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  3. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A13, ADSS2, ADSS1cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3-guanidinopropanoateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of arginine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. beta-alanine + L-arginine = 3-guanidinopropanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A6, GATMcytosol, extracellular space

• L-histidineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of methionine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = L-histidine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, SLC7A8cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 7 routes