a carboxylate

Three steps

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by FAHD1, AGXT2

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by FAHD1, AGXT2

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by FAHD1, AGXT2

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. a quinol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c](out) = a quinone + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c](out) + 2 H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, DHODH, CYC1, UQCRFS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 13 routes

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)
  2. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)
  3. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BCHE, SLC5A7extracellular space, cytosol

• phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)
  2. an acylcholine + H2O = a carboxylate + choline + H(+)
  3. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate

  Catalysed by BCHE, PHOSPHO1One of 2 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. a thioester + H2O = a thiol + a carboxylate + H(+)
  2. a thioester + H2O = a thiol + a carboxylate + H(+)
  3. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by PNKD, SUMF1

• acetateReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• propionic acidReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. transport of propanoate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• butyric acidReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. transport of butyrate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-hydroxypyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. L-Serine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by FAHD1, AGXTcytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. (S)-dihydroorotate + H2O = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, DHODH, CADinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine = beta-alanine + pyruvate

  Catalysed by FAHD1, AGXT2

• a 2-oxocarboxylateReach from here →
  1. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  2. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid + O2 + H2O = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by ACY1, PM20D1, IL4I1

• D-serineReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, SRR

• an organic disulfideReach from here →
  1. a thioester + H2O = a thiol + a carboxylate + H(+)
  2. a thioester + H2O = a thiol + a carboxylate + H(+)
  3. L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + 2 a thiol + O2 = an organic disulfide + 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + hydrogen sulfide + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by PNKD, SUMF1

• a hydroperoxideReach from here →
  1. a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylate + H(+)
  2. a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = an alcohol + [thioredoxin]-disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by CES2, CES1, CES5A, CES3 and 6 more

• (R)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. (R)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by FAHD1, LDHDcytosol

• (S)-lactic acidReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by FAHD1, LDHB, LDHAL6Bmitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 2-iminopropanoateReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = pyruvate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, RIDA

• phosphoenolpyruvic acidReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, PKM, PKLRcytosol

• N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, NPLcytosol

• nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotideReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)
  2. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  3. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, SLC22A12, NAPRTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• dihydroxyacetone phosphateReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. a quinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, DHODH, GPD2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, MPST

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoateReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by FAHD1, AGXT2

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O

  Catalysed by FAHD1, TYW1B, TYW1

• L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  2. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  3. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)

  Catalysed by ACY1, PM20D1, SLC7A11inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by FAHD1, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 18 routes

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by FAHD1, CLYBL

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by FAHD1, AGXT2

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, DHODH, SQORinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by FAHD1, HOGA1

• (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylateReach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)
  2. (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + a quinone = (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, DHODH, PRODH2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by FAHD1, HOGA1

• NAADP(+)Reach from here →
  1. orotate(out) + a carboxylate(in) = orotate(in) + a carboxylate(out)
  2. orotate(out) + nicotinate(in) = orotate(in) + nicotinate(out)
  3. nicotinate + NADP(+) = NAADP(+) + nicotinamide

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, SLC22A12, CD38inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an L-aminoacyl-L-amino acidReach from here →
  1. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  2. an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + a carboxylate
  3. an L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid + H2O = 2 an L-alpha-amino acid

  Catalysed by ACY1, PM20D1, DPEP1, DPEP2

• an alkyl sulfateReach from here →
  1. a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylate + H(+)
  2. a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylate + H(+)
  3. an alcohol + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = an alkyl sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CES2, CES1, CES5A, CES3 and 4 more

• a methyl thioetherReach from here →
  1. a thioester + H2O = a thiol + a carboxylate + H(+)
  2. a thioester + H2O = a thiol + a carboxylate + H(+)
  3. a thiol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = a methyl thioether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)

  Catalysed by PNKD, TMT1B, TMT1A

• 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by FAHD1, PDHA1, PDHB, PDHA2mitochondrial matrix