(4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate

Three steps

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2, SLC1A4mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosol

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AADAT, GARTcytosol

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AADAT, GSS

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-methionine(in) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-methionine(out)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, TYW1B, TYW1, SLC7A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-(alpha-Hydroxypropyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (2-oxobutyrate)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2, BCKDHA, BCKDHBmitochondrial matrix

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• D-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, SRR, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AADAT, SHMT1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-lactoyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + H(+) = (S)-lactoyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by HOGA1, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 4 more

• (S)-lactoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + CoA = (S)-lactoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by HOGA1, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 more

• N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. N-acetylneuraminate synthase

  Catalysed by HOGA1, PKM, PKLR, NANScytosol

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AADAT, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by HOGA1, ME2, SDHB, SDHA

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AADAT, GLYATcytosolOne of 3 routes

• selenomethionineReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. Selenomethionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2, CTHcytosol

• CHEBI:27760Reach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. Selenocystathionine Lysteine-lyase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2, CTHcytosol

• (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acidReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. glyoxylate + L-phenylalanine = 3-phenylpyruvate + glycine
  3. Phenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating,decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AADAT, HPDcytosol

• 3-mercaptolactic acidReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 3-Mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by HOGA1, MPST, LDHB, LDHC and 2 morecytosol

• 2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxopentanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-2-aminopentanoate

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AADATcytosol

• 17alpha-hydroxypregnenoloneReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2, SCLYmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• a dicarboxylateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-glycoloylneuraminateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase (N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, NPLcytosol

• a carboxylateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, FAHD1

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = octanamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-octanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by HOGA1, PAMOne of 6 routes

• 3-methyl-1-hydroxybutylthiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. L-leucine + glyoxylate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AADAT, BCKDHA, BCKDHBmitochondrial matrix

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AADAT, GARS1cytosol

• chlorine(.)Reach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2, SLC6A14mitochondrial matrix, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AADAT, BAATperoxisomeOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, MPST

• L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. oxaloacetate + L-alanine = L-aspartate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• citric acidReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, PC, CSmitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• isocitric acidReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. transport of isocitrate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, PKM, PKLR, SLC25A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• glutarateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acidReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. D-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by HOGA1, PC, GOT2mitochondrial matrix

• cis-aconitic acidReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)
  3. transport of cis-aconitate and PEP (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, PKM, PKLR, SLC25A1cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• thiosulfateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH
  3. transport of malate and thiosulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, ME2, SLC25A10mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acidReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. N(1)-methylguanosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 4-demethylwyosine(37) in tRNA(Phe) + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + CO2 + H2O
  3. L-Methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, TYW1B, TYW1, IL4I1cytosol

• dodecanamideReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by HOGA1, PAM

• 2-oxohexanoateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine
  3. 2-oxohexanoate + N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine = L-2-aminohexanoate + 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2

• D-cysteineReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. D-cysteine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-cysteine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2, SLC7A10mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-alpha-aminobutyric acidReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ((S)-2-aminobutanoate)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AGXT2, GPTcytosol

• 5-aminolevulinateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AADAT, ALAS1, ALAS2

• glycochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + glycine = glycochenodeoxycholate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AADAT, BAAT

• glycochenodeoxycholic acidReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AADAT, BAATperoxisomeOne of 3 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleric acidReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. L-leucine + glyoxylate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + glycine
  3. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate decarboxylation

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AADAT, ALOX12B, ALOXE3cytosol

• glycolithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (glycine)

  Catalysed by HOGA1, AADAT, BAATcytosolOne of 2 routes

• decanamideReach from here →
  1. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate
  2. N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = decanamide + glyoxylate
  3. N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = decanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by HOGA1, PAM