L-kynurenine

Three steps

• CHEBI:17724Reach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase
  3. dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GNMT, PDPR and 1 morecytosol

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC6A14, SLC6A12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• trans-urocanateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A6, HALcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• urateReach from here →
  1. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A6, SLC22A8mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 5 routes

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, GSTO1 and 1 more

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion

  Catalysed by KYNUcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. beta-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A10, ABATcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• thiocyanateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  2. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
  3. 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (hydrogen-cyanide)

  Catalysed by AADAT, GOT2, GOT1, MPST and 1 morecytosol

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2, PKM, PKLRcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• indole-3-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
  3. Tryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)

  Catalysed by AADAT, DDC, AOC1, MAOA and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:18183Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase ((5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid)

  Catalysed by KYNU, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GARTcytosol

• arsenic triglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, AS3MTOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:18405Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by KYNU, SCLY, PNPOcytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• superoxideReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  2. 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine hydrolase
  3. catalase (3-hydroxyanthranilate)

  Catalysed by KMO, KYNU, CATcytosol

• 2-(alpha-Hydroxypropyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 (2-oxobutyrate)

  Catalysed by AADAT, AGXT2, BCKDHA, BCKDHBmitochondrial matrix

• 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A6, SLC22A24mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-methyltryptamineReach from here →
  1. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  2. L-tryptophan decarboxy-lyase
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by AADAT, DDC, INMTcytosol

• D-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, MGST3

• 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoateReach from here →
  1. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A8, SLC22A6mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-sepiapterinReach from here →
  1. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase
  2. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-sepiapterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-sepiapterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, SLC22A8, SLC22A6mitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  2. N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = L-kynurenine + formate + H(+)
  3. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by AFMID, MTHFD1, MTHFD1LOne of 2 routes

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, GPX1 and 1 more

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, GPX1 and 1 more

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, GPX1 and 1 more

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, GPX1 and 1 more

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, GSS, GPX4

• biocytinReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  2. L-lysine(in) + L-leucine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-lysine(out) + L-leucine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  3. biocytin + H2O = biotin + L-lysine

  Catalysed by SLC43A1, SLC7A7, BTDextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glycodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. glycodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = glycodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, SULT2A1cytosol

• 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by KYNU, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by KYAT3, AADAT, SHMT1cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by KYNU, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 3-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• 3'-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• thyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. thyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• 3'-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• L-homocysteine thiolactoneReach from here →
  1. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  2. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)
  3. L-homocysteine + ATP = L-homocysteine thiolactone + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by AADAT, BHMT2, MARS1