glutathione

Three steps

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, PKM and 1 morecytosol

• (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehydeReach from here →
  1. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  2. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. (R)-noradrenaline + O2 + H2O = (R)-3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde + H2O2 + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2, DBH and 2 more

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. Transport of Hydroxy-Proline

  Catalysed by GGT3P, GGT1, GGT5, GGT6 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• xanthosineReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. xanthosine:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, XDH, PNPinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• CHEBI:18183Reach from here →
  1. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  2. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  3. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]

  Catalysed by CHAC2, CHAC1, GGACTcytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosol

• (R)-normetanephrineReach from here →
  1. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  2. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2, DBH and 2 morecytosol

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosol

• 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. glycocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. glycocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = glycocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by ABCC4, SLC22A24inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 2-aminoisobutanoateReach from here →
  1. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. 2-aminoisobutanoate(out) + L-alanine(in) = 2-aminoisobutanoate(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by GGT3P, GGT1, GGT5, GGT6 and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-sepiapterinReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  3. L-sepiapterin(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = L-sepiapterin(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, SLC22A6, SLC22A8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• Xaa-L-Pro dipeptideReach from here →
  1. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol
  2. L-proline + a quinone = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)
  3. Xaa-L-Pro dipeptide + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-proline

  Catalysed by SQOR, PRODH, PRODH2, PEPD

• (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate

  Catalysed by ESD, MTHFD1, MTHFD1L

• deoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. glycodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  2. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase
  3. deoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = deoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ABCC4, SULT2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, AGXT2cytosol

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, AGXT2cytosol

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, TST, AGXT2cytosol

• (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  2. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  3. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion

  Catalysed by ESD, ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5 and 3 morecytosol

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, CARS2cytosol

• O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronate + UDP

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 20-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (Rnd) Tcdb:2.A.60.1.5
  3. 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = 20-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 15-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-prostaglandin B1Reach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of prostaglandin B1 (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. prostaglandin B1 + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = 15-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-prostaglandin B1 + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-lactoyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + H(+) = (S)-lactoyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, SLC22A12, AARS1, AARS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (S)-lactoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + CoA = (S)-lactoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, SLC22A12, ACSS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-demethylubiquinone-10Reach from here →
  1. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10
  2. 3-demethylubiquinol-10 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol-10 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+)
  3. 3-demethylubiquinone-10 + NADH + 2 H(+) = 3-demethylubiquinol-10 + NAD(+)

  Catalysed by SQOR, COQ3, RTN4IP1One of 2 routes

• serotonin O-sulfateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. serotonin + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = serotonin O-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-noradrenaline 4'-O-sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  2. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. sulfotransferase (noradrenaline)

  Catalysed by CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2, DBH and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• ursodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. ursodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = ursodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• chenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)
  3. chenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = chenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. fatty acylamide amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• imidazole-4-acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of histamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. amine oxidase copper containing (histamine)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• folic acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. sulfite:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase
  3. Folate Transport by Oats

  Catalysed by TSTD1, SUOX, SLC22A8, SLC22A7mitochondrial matrix, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. leukotriene C4 = leukotriene A4 + glutathione
  2. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by MGST3, GSTM4, LTC4S, MGST2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. monoamine oxidase (dopamine)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  2. Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by GSR, GPX5, GPX1, GPX2 and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3-mercaptolactic acidReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + pyruvate + H(+)
  3. 3-Mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by TSTD1, MPST, LDHB, LDHC and 2 morecytosol

• 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. transport of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione = 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione + chloride + H(+)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)
  3. chenodeoxycholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by PTGES, LANCL1, GSTM4, MGST2 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• pyridoxine 5'-phosphateReach from here →
  1. glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)

  Catalysed by GGT3P, GGT1, GGT5, GGT6 and 4 morecytosol

• 3-disulfanyl-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by GSR, CTHcytosol

• CHEBI:28918Reach from here →
  1. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  2. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2, DBH and 1 morecytosol

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  2. L-serine hydro-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine-forming)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by TSTD1, CBS, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• Fe(3+)Reach from here →
  1. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  2. Fe(3+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + Fe(2+)(out) + H(+)
  3. Fe(II):oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2, CYB561D2 and 9 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• Cu(2+)Reach from here →
  1. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate
  2. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. Cu(2+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = Cu(+)(out) + monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + H(+)

  Catalysed by CLIC1, GSTO1, GSTO2, DBH and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• a carboxylateReach from here →
  1. a hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = an alcohol + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  2. a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylate + H(+)
  3. a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CP, PRDX6, CES2, CES1 and 3 more