CHEBI:30249

Three steps

• urateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of formate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. indole-3-pyruvate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-tryptophan + H2O
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, TPH1, TPH2cytosol

• 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-Leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC43A1, BCAT2cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• all-trans-retinalReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of formate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. retinoate reduction

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC16A4, SLC16A5cytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion

  Catalysed by KYNUcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. beta-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A10, ABATcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-phenylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. Phenylalanine Transaminase, Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A8, GOT2, TATcytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 4-fumarylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of acetoacetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, FAHcytosol, extracellular space

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. pyruvate kinase (dTDP)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:18183Reach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase ((5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid)

  Catalysed by KYNU, GGT1, GGT5, GGTLC2 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC26A4cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase

  Catalysed by AFMID, MTHFD1, GARTcytosol

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GARTcytosol

• CHEBI:18381Reach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by AFMID, MTHFD1, ATICcytosol

• 2-phenylethylamineReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. L-phenylalanine carboxy-lyase (phenylethylamine-forming)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A8, DDCcytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:18405Reach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. pyridoxine 5'-phosphate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by KYNU, SCLY, PNPOcytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. transport of alanine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5'-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, GCLCcytosol

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GSScytosol

• S-methylmercury-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(in) + L-phenylalanine(out) = S-methylmercury-L-cysteine(out) + L-phenylalanine(in)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A8cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 6 routes

• D-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. D-serine(out) + L-alanine(in) = D-serine(in) + L-alanine(out)
  3. D-isoleucine(out) + D-serine(in) = D-isoleucine(in) + D-serine(out)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC7A10cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• Xaa-L-Pro dipeptideReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  3. Xaa-L-Pro dipeptide + H2O = an L-alpha-amino acid + L-proline

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC7A11, PEPDcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

• 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3-methylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by AFMID, MTHFD1, ALDH1L1, ALDH1L2cytosolOne of 6 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by AFMID, AADAT, CARS2cytosol

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by KYNU, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 3-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO3cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• 3'-iodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodo-L-thyronine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• thyronamineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. thyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3-iodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• 3'-iodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3'-iodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3,3'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO1, DIO2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 3',5'-diiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3',5'-diiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamineReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 3,3',5'-triiodothyronamine + iodide + A + H(+) = 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronamine + AH2

  Catalysed by KYNU, MOCOS, DIO3cytosol

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by KYNU, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by KYNU, HADHA, ACADVL, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by KYNU, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by KYNU, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine Transport, Extracellular

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC26A4, SLC6A5cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + a quinone = (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+)

  Catalysed by KYNU, SLC1A4, PRODH2cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC26A4, LPOcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by AFMID, SLC26A4, SLC12A2, SLC12A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. arylformamidase (L-formylkynurenine)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by AFMID, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATcytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. Formylkynurenine hydrolase
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by KYNU, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes