formaldehyde

Three steps

• N-octanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GLYATL2

• N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GART

• L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

  Catalysed by PIPOX, DPEP1, DPEP2

• glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by PIPOX, DPEP1

• S-adenosylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + adenosylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-adenosylglutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)
  2. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate
  3. N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate = N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ALDH9A1, MTHFD1, MTHFD1L, GART

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GLYATL2

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, GLYATL2

• acetylcholineReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• pyruvateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• all-trans-retinoic acidReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of formate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  2. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. 5-methyl-THF to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion

  Catalysed by MTHFRcytosol

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-leucineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of glycine and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  2. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NAD(+) = (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADH

  Catalysed by MTHFD2, MTHFD2Lcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SHMT1, MTHFD1cytosolOne of 7 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and leukotriene E4 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of glycine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• bromideReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. 2-bromoacetaldehyde:glutathione S-(formylmethyl)transferase

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 20 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of glycine and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a halide anionReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 26 morecytosol

• CHEBI:16174Reach from here →
  1. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase
  3. deoxythymidylate kinase (dADP)

  Catalysed by TYMS, DTYMKcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)
  2. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)
  3. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SELENBP1, SOD1One of 3 routes

• lithocholic acidReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and lithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of citrulline and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosol

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of glycine and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of arginine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:16523Reach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of D-serine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC3A2, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by PIPOXcytosol

• 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ALDH9A1, ADI1

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of glycine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• glyoxylic acidReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, DAOperoxisome

• bilirubin IXalphaReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of bilirubin and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acidReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 7 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• taurolithocholateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. transport of GSH and taurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of glycine and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of glycine and proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC7A5, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17208Reach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 3 morecytosol

• homocysteineReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. Formation of Homocystine

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 3 morecytosol

• COReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde + NAD(+) + H2O = formate + NADH + 2 H(+)
  2. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)
  3. acireductone dioxygenase

  Catalysed by ALDH9A1, ADI1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• sulfiteReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, ALAS1, ALAS2, CPNE7mitochondrial matrix

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-Formylglutathione hydrolase
  3. cystine to cysteine conversion

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 3 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• thymidineReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase
  3. thymidylate 5'-phosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by TYMS, ACP3, NT5E, NT5C2 and 7 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• urateReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 4 morecytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  2. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH5, ADH6 and 5 morecytosol

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of glycine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  2. sarcosine + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2
  3. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PIPOX, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• dTDPReach from here →
  1. formaldehyde to 5,10-methylene-THF conversion
  2. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase
  3. DTDP Diphosphohydrolase

  Catalysed by TYMS, ENTPD3, ENTPD1, ENTPD8cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes