acetylcholine

Three steps

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, CPT1A and 2 morecytosolOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHATcytosolOne of 3 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and propanoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 46 routes

• (S)-malateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-malate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-leucineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and leucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC5A7, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• 12(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 15(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. arachidonate:oxygen 15-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX15B, ALOX15extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• 5(S)-HPETEReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Arachidonate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1, ALOX5extracellular space, cytosol

• 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15699Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of cysteine and homoserine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, NAA10cytosol

• formateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  3. S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, ADH1C, ADH1A and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, SAT1 and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate
  3. N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, AMDHD2, CEMP1cytosol

• CHEBI:15971Reach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and histidine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC5A7, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• (R)-lactateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  3. (R)-S-lactoylglutathione + H2O = (R)-lactate + glutathione + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GLO1, GLOD4 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• octan-1-olReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (chenodiol)
  3. octyl beta-D-glucose + chenodeoxycholate = beta-D-glucosyl-(1->3)-O-chenodeoxycholate + octan-1-ol

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, GBA2extracellular space, cytosol

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC5A7, SLC26A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 8 routes

• 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• L-cystineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase
  3. cystine to cysteine conversion

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 11-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHAT, DGAT1 and 4 morecytosol

• cob(II)alaminReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
  3. 2 cob(II)alamin + A + 2 H2O + 2 H(+) = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + AH2

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHDH, MTRRcytosol

• L-citrullineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of citrulline and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A6extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• iodideReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and iodide (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC5A7, SLC26A4cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 32 routes

• L-valineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and valine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC5A7, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• (17R,20S)-17,20-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-oneReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. (17R,20S)-17,20-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one + NAD(+) = 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CYP17A1, AKR1C1cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• androst-4-ene-3,17-dioneReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CYP17A1cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:16436Reach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. ATP:choline phosphotransferase
  3. CTP:choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHKA, CHKB and 2 morecytosol

• oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• L-arginineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of arginine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC5A7, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 7 routes

• nitric oxideReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
  3. 2 nitrite + AH2 + 2 H(+) = 2 nitric oxide + A + 2 H2O

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHDH, SUOXcytosol

• protein polypeptide chainReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. PROTEIN_BS

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosol

• (S)-lactateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 8 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 15 routes

• 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTPReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
  3. CTP + AH2 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHDH, RSAD2cytosol

• taurochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene)
  3. taurochenodeoxycholate + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = taurochenodeoxycholate 3-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, SLC7A9, SULT2A1extracellular space, cytosol

• dopamine quinoneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, MPOextracellular space, cytosol, lysosomeOne of 4 routes

• 2-oxobutanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of 2-hydroxybutyrate and acetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-hydroxybutyrate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxoglutaramateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (S)-2-hydroxyglutarateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. choline + A = betaine aldehyde + AH2
  3. (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CHDH, L2HGDHcytosol

• formaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)
  3. alcohol dehydrogenase (formaldehyde)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, ADH1C, ADH1A and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-fumarylpyruvateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 3-fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H(+)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:16857Reach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Threonine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC5A7, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• ferrocytochrome cReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and L-lactate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (S)-Lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix

• oxalic acidReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and oxalate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC5A7, SLC26A6cytosol, extracellular space

• (R)-lactaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-S-Lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing)
  3. (R)-Lactaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (glutathione-formylating)

  Catalysed by SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GLO1, GLOD4 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-hydroxypyruvateReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC16A4, SLC16A5 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular space

• L-isoleucineReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and isoleucine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC5A7, SLC6A14cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• CHEBI:17203Reach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. transport of chloride and choline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Proline by the Apical Imino Amino Acid Transporters

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, SLC5A7, CLTRN and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• 4-methylumbelliferoneReach from here →
  1. Acetylcholine aectylhydrolase
  2. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)
  3. 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by BCHE, ACHE, CES2, ESD and 1 morecytosol

• dehydroascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, DBHextracellular space, cytosolOne of 19 routes