4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid

Three steps

• (13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, PTGS1, PTGS2cytosol

• 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, PTGS2cytosol

• 2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, PTGS2cytosol

• 2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, PTGS2cytosol

• 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, PTGS2cytosol

• 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. 2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by TAT, CDKAL1, PTGS2cytosol

• N-hexadecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. hexadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GLYATL3cytosol, extracellular space

• N-dodecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• N-decanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• N-octanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• D-histidineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of methionine and ornithine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. D-histidine(in) + L-ornithine(out) + H(+)(in) = D-histidine(out) + L-ornithine(in) + H(+)(out)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A6, SLC25A2cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-homoarginineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of arginine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-homoarginine(in) + L-arginine(out) = L-homoarginine(out) + L-arginine(in)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A6, SLC25A29cytosol, extracellular space, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• L-homocarnosineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of histidine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Formation of homocarnosine

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A6, CARNS1cytosol, extracellular space

• N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GARTcytosol, extracellular space

• L-cystine-bis-glycineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-cystine-bis-glycine + 2 H2O = L-cystine + 2 glycine

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, DPEP1, DPEP2cytosol, extracellular space

• glycyldehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, DPEP1cytosol, extracellular space

• 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glutamine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, PFAScytosol, extracellular space

• kinetensinReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of methionine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Chymase

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, CMA1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• an N-(fatty acyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of methionine and threonine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5cytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:15345Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, AACScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• cholineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, CHATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, nucleusOne of 2 routes

• pyruvateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrixOne of 16 routes

• 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tryptophan,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase(5-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:15380Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. 5-aminolevulinate synthase (2-amino-3-oxoadipate)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, ALAS1, CPNE7cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• CHEBI:15477Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Production of Tiglylcarnitine

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• isobutyryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4-methyl-pentanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. glycine-N-acyltransferase (3-methylcrotonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, GLYATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• isovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (isovalerylglycine)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Arachidonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• CHEBI:15519Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, ACAA1, SCP2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 11 routes

• phenylacetyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Phenylacetate:CoA ligase

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGScytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• propionyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. Propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, ACSS3, ACSS2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 43 routes

• CHEBI:15570Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of D-alanine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, SLC3A2, SLC7A10cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• CHEBI:15611Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GNMTcytosol, extracellular space

• (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterinReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of methionine and tryptophan (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, TPH1, TPH2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15650Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. N-acetyl-LTE4 to leukotriene E4 conversion

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, ZDHHC11B, NAA10 and 30 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• trimethylenediamineReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of lysine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. deoxyhypusine synthase (1,3-diaminopropane)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A6, DHPScytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:15727Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit (acetylcarnosine)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, NAA10cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15746Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  3. diamine N-acetyltransferase (N1-acetylspermine)

  Catalysed by TAT, NAGS, SAT1, SAT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:15765Reach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of methionine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, THcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 5 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acidReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + L-methionine(out) = L-aspartate(out) + L-methionine(in)
  3. carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A13, CADcytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of glutamine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC7A5, GFPT2, GFPT1cytosol, extracellular space

• thioredoxin dithiolReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. L-Methionine:tRNAMet ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glycyl-tRNA(gly) phosphorylation

  Catalysed by TAT, MARS1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• sulfateReach from here →
  1. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  2. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TAT, SLC6A14, SLC26A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes