a dicarboxylate

Three steps

• dehydroascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8,12-trihydroxy... conversion

  Catalysed by SLC22A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 18 routes

• estroneReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. estrone 3-sulfate + H2O = estrone + sulfate + H(+)
  3. Estrone 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• propanoateReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  3. propanoate(out) + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) = propanoate(in) + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, STS, SLC22A9inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarateReach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + glutaryl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + glutarate

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6, SUGCTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• hypoxanthineReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. hypoxanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, XDHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• enol-oxaloacetateReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. transport of malate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. (S)-malate + a quinone = enol-oxaloacetate + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A10, SDHB and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 5-aminolevulinic acidReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. succinyl-CoA:glycine C-succinyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, ALAS1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SLC3A2 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronineReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. Steryl-Sulfatase
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, Golgi apparatusOne of 3 routes

• glycine betaineReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of betaine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC26A6, SLC6A12inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• methylarsonous acidReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A13, GSTO1, GSTO2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• CHEBI:17895Reach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and tyrosine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• butanoateReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + butanoate(out) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + butanoate(in)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, STS, SLC22A9inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• CHEBI:18019Reach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SLC7A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• thiocyanateReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. thiosulfate(in) + sulfate(out) = thiosulfate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtranserase

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 4-fumarylacetoacetateReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. transport of fumarate and sulfate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  3. 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A10, FAHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. transport of glutamine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• CHEBI:18095Reach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC26A6, CLTRN and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosol

• xanthosineReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. xanthine + NAD(+) + H2O = urate + NADH + H(+)
  3. xanthosine:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, XDH, PNPinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC26A6inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. 5-Phospho-D-ribosylamine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, GARTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• arsenic triglutathioneReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. arsenic triglutathione + 3 [thioredoxin]-dithiol + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = trimethylarsine + 3 [thioredoxin]-disulfide + 3 glutathione + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A13, AS3MTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• hydrogen cyanideReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. sulfite(in) + sulfate(out) = sulfite(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtranserase

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• ophthalmateReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. gamma-L-glutamyl-(2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glycine + ATP = ophthalmate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, GSSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. kynurenate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = kynurenate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A6, SLC22A24inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 + glutathione = 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-S-(R)-glutathione

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A13, MGST3inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (15S)-hydroperoxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + 2 glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(11Z,13E)-eicosadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + 2 glutathione = (17S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. a hydroperoxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy-1,2-diacyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A13, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. N(omega),N('omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + glyoxylate = 5-(3,3'-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, SHMT1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (S)-lactoyl-AMPReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + H(+) = (S)-lactoyl-AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLCO2A1, AARS1, AARS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (S)-lactoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  3. (S)-lactate + ATP + CoA = (S)-lactoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLCO2A1, ACSS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanalReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal + glutathione = 3-(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxynonanal

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A13, GSTP1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (2-methylbutyryl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, GLYATL2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• a quinolReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. a quinone + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + a quinol

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A13, SQORinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC26A6, LPOinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• potassium atomReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. transport of chloride and sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC26A6, SLC12A2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• phenylacetylglycineReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. phenylacetyl-CoA:glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 5(S)-HETEReach from here →
  1. prostaglandin F2alpha(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = prostaglandin F2alpha(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. transport of GSH and prostaglandin F2alpha (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLCO2A1, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:28666Reach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. LTD4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-oneReach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + H2O = 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate + H(+)
  3. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate sulfohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, STSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• iron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, CYBRD1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular space

• L-ascorbic acidReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = urate(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A13, CLIC1, GSTO1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• K(+)Reach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. K(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• Gly-tRNA(Gly)Reach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. glycine:tRNA(Gly) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, GARS1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. a dicarboxylate(in) + sulfate(out) = a dicarboxylate(out) + sulfate(in)
  2. L-aspartate(in) + sulfate(out) = L-aspartate(out) + sulfate(in)
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC25A35, SLC25A34, SLC25A14, SLC25A30 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• glycocholateReach from here →
  1. N-benzoylglycine(out) + a dicarboxylate(in) = N-benzoylglycine(in) + a dicarboxylate(out)
  2. benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC22A6, SLC22A8, GLYAT, BAATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, peroxisomeOne of 10 routes